Question 1

____________ are aerial plants obtaining nutrient from trapped organic matter.

Accepted Answer

Epiphytes

Question 2

The pioneering work of Nalini Nadkarni in rain forest ecology revealed that

Accepted Answer

A) epiphyte mats in some tropical forests contain nutrient quantities equal to the nutrient content of the canopy foliage. 
B) the epiphyte mass in temperate rain forests may be four times the mass of leaves on their host tree. 
C) in both temperate and tropical rain forests,trees obtain nutrients by extending roots into epiphyte mats. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) both the epiphyte mass in temperate rain forests may be four times the mass of leaves on their host tree and,in both temperate and tropical rain forests,trees obtain nutrients by extending roots into epiphyte mats. 
A) epiphyte mats in some tropical forests contain nutrient quantities equal to the nutrient content of the canopy foliage. 
B) the epiphyte mass in temperate rain forests may be four times the mass of leaves on their host tree. 
C) in both temperate and tropical rain forests,trees obtain nutrients by extending roots into epiphyte mats. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) both the epiphyte mass in temperate rain forests may be four times the mass of leaves on their host tree and,in both temperate and tropical rain forests,trees obtain nutrients by extending roots into epiphyte mats. E

Question 3

Stable isotope analysis uses variation in element masses to better understand ecological phenomena.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Temperate and tropical rain forest trees extract nutrients from epiphytic mats.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Norris and colleagues found that warblers using different habitats did not have different carbon isotopes in the tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Ecologists study

Accepted Answer

A) communities. 
B) ecosystems. 
C) individual organisms. 
D) populations. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) communities. 
B) ecosystems. 
C) individual organisms. 
D) populations. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Field studies and laboratory studies are mutually exclusive.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The scientific method deals with absolute truths.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following levels of organization is/are correctly ordered?

Accepted Answer

A) population,ecosystem,landscape,individual,interaction 
B) individual,population,interaction,community,ecosystem 
C) biosphere,landscape,individual,community,interaction 
D) ecosystem,landscape,region,interaction,population 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) population,ecosystem,landscape,individual,interaction 
B) individual,population,interaction,community,ecosystem 
C) biosphere,landscape,individual,community,interaction 
D) ecosystem,landscape,region,interaction,population 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 10

Margaret Davis' studies on lake pollen sediments indicate that the forests of eastern North America did not change with the changing climate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Population ecologists do not study

Accepted Answer

A) reproductive ecology. 
B) distribution and abundance. 
C) energy flow. 
D) extinction. 
E) adaptation. 
A) reproductive ecology. 
B) distribution and abundance. 
C) energy flow. 
D) extinction. 
E) adaptation.

Question 12

What is ecology?

Accepted Answer

A) the study of relationships between organisms and the environment 
B) the study of animal and plant population interactions 
C) the study of the abiotic portion of the environment 
D) the study of the biosphere 
E) the study of environmental change 
A) the study of relationships between organisms and the environment 
B) the study of animal and plant population interactions 
C) the study of the abiotic portion of the environment 
D) the study of the biosphere 
E) the study of environmental change

Question 13

According to Margaret Davis,who studied pollen contained within lake sediments,the vegetation landscape of the Appalachian Mountains from 12,000 years ago until approximately 100 years ago changed as follows:

Accepted Answer

A) spruce$\rightarrow$chestnut$\rightarrow$beech. 
B) chestnut$\rightarrow$spruce$\rightarrow$beech. 
C) beech$\rightarrow$spruce$\rightarrow$chestnut. 
D) spruce$\rightarrow$beech$\rightarrow$chestnut. 
E) chestnut$\rightarrow$beech$\rightarrow$spruce. 
A) spruce$\rightarrow$chestnut$\rightarrow$beech. 
B) chestnut$\rightarrow$spruce$\rightarrow$beech. 
C) beech$\rightarrow$spruce$\rightarrow$chestnut. 
D) spruce$\rightarrow$beech$\rightarrow$chestnut. 
E) chestnut$\rightarrow$beech$\rightarrow$spruce.

Question 14

Nalini Nadkarni's study of tropical and temperate rain forests determined that

Accepted Answer

A) rain forests have nutrient rich soils. 
B) the herbaceous layer determines the nutrient balance. 
C) epiphyte mats contain a significant source of nutrients. 
D) as one moves up the canopy,species richness decreases. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) rain forests have nutrient rich soils. 
B) the herbaceous layer determines the nutrient balance. 
C) epiphyte mats contain a significant source of nutrients. 
D) as one moves up the canopy,species richness decreases. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 15

Robert MacArthur's observations on the Warblers of North America indicate that they

Accepted Answer

A) are fiercely competitive. 
B) cannot coexist. 
C) reduce competition by feeding during different times of the day. 
D) reduce competition by feeding in different zones. 
E) both are fiercely competitive and cannot coexist. 
A) are fiercely competitive. 
B) cannot coexist. 
C) reduce competition by feeding during different times of the day. 
D) reduce competition by feeding in different zones. 
E) both are fiercely competitive and cannot coexist.

Question 16

Ecology is a modern science of which ancient man had no knowledge.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Populations changing genetically over time in response to variation in its environment is termed ____________.
Evolution

Accepted Answer

The answer of Populations changing genetically over time in response...

Question 18

The 'scientific method' includes

Accepted Answer

A) observations,experiments,and modeling. 
B) posing questions and formulating testable hypotheses. 
C) statistical analysis. 
D) observations,experiments,and modeling; posing questions and formulating testable hypotheses; and statistical analysis. 
E) both observations,experiments,and modeling,and posing questions and formulating testable hypotheses. 
A) observations,experiments,and modeling. 
B) posing questions and formulating testable hypotheses. 
C) statistical analysis. 
D) observations,experiments,and modeling; posing questions and formulating testable hypotheses; and statistical analysis. 
E) both observations,experiments,and modeling,and posing questions and formulating testable hypotheses.

Question 19

An ecosystem is defined as

Accepted Answer

A) all the organisms that live in an area. 
B) the physical environment with which organisms interact. 
C) an association of interacting species. 
D) all of the organisms that live in an area and the physical environment with which they interact. 
E) all of the individuals of a single species that live in an area and the physical environment with which they interact. 
A) all the organisms that live in an area. 
B) the physical environment with which organisms interact. 
C) an association of interacting species. 
D) all of the organisms that live in an area and the physical environment with which they interact. 
E) all of the individuals of a single species that live in an area and the physical environment with which they interact.

Question 20

Ecology can be defined as the study of the impact of human activity on the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 1: Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

____________ are aerial plants obtaining nutrient from trapped organic matter.

The pioneering work of Nalini Nadkarni in rain forest ecology revealed that

Stable isotope analysis uses variation in element masses to better understand ecological phenomena.

Temperate and tropical rain forest trees extract nutrients from epiphytic mats.

Norris and colleagues found that warblers using different habitats did not have different carbon isotopes in the tissues.

Ecologists study

Field studies and laboratory studies are mutually exclusive.

The scientific method deals with absolute truths.

Which of the following levels of organization is/are correctly ordered?

Margaret Davis' studies on lake pollen sediments indicate that the forests of eastern North America did not change with the changing climate.

Population ecologists do not study

What is ecology?

According to Margaret Davis,who studied pollen contained within lake sediments,the vegetation landscape of the Appalachian Mountains from 12,000 years ago until approximately 100 years ago changed as follows:

Nalini Nadkarni's study of tropical and temperate rain forests determined that

Robert MacArthur's observations on the Warblers of North America indicate that they

Ecology is a modern science of which ancient man had no knowledge.

Populations changing genetically over time in response to variation in its environment is termed ____________. Evolution

The 'scientific method' includes

An ecosystem is defined as

Ecology can be defined as the study of the impact of human activity on the environment.

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

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