Question 1

An interaction between individuals of different species that benefit both partners is called

Accepted Answer

A) commensalism. 
B) predation. 
C) exploitation. 
D) mutualism. 
E) ammensalism. 
A) commensalism. 
B) predation. 
C) exploitation. 
D) mutualism. 
E) ammensalism. D

Question 2

Ants on the aspen sunflower,Helianthella quinquenervis,obtain sugars and amino acids by

Accepted Answer

A) collecting nectar from the sunflower's flowers. 
B) collecting nectar from extrafloral nectaries. 
C) tending aphids that extract plant sap. 
D) extracting plant sap directly by piercing the sunflower stem. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) collecting nectar from the sunflower's flowers. 
B) collecting nectar from extrafloral nectaries. 
C) tending aphids that extract plant sap. 
D) extracting plant sap directly by piercing the sunflower stem. 
E) All of the choices are correct. B

Question 3

In Kathleen Keeler's cost-benefit model of mutualism,the condition for persistence of mutualists is pwmw + qwmu > wnm.The parameters p and q represent the

Accepted Answer

A) cost and benefit of the mutualism. 
B) fitness of successful and unsuccessful mutualists. 
C) frequency of "mutualist" and "nonmutualist" alleles in the population. 
D) proportion of successful and unsuccessful mutualists in the population. 
E) amount of herbivore protection provided by ant and non-ant defenses. 
A) cost and benefit of the mutualism. 
B) fitness of successful and unsuccessful mutualists. 
C) frequency of "mutualist" and "nonmutualist" alleles in the population. 
D) proportion of successful and unsuccessful mutualists in the population. 
E) amount of herbivore protection provided by ant and non-ant defenses. D

Question 4

Nutrient poor soils should favor mycorrhizal fungi that are

Accepted Answer

A) less aggressive at obtaining sugars from their plant host. 
B) more aggressive at obtaining sugars from their plant host. 
C) more efficient at extracting inorganic nutrients from soil. 
D) more efficient at extracting sugars from soil. 
E) more efficient at extracting inorganic nutrients from plant root exudates. 
A) less aggressive at obtaining sugars from their plant host. 
B) more aggressive at obtaining sugars from their plant host. 
C) more efficient at extracting inorganic nutrients from soil. 
D) more efficient at extracting sugars from soil. 
E) more efficient at extracting inorganic nutrients from plant root exudates.

Question 5

Mycorrhizal fungi acquire _________ from their plant partners.

Accepted Answer

A) sugars 
B) soil nutrients 
C) proteins and lipids 
D) growth hormones 
E) protection from consumers 
A) sugars 
B) soil nutrients 
C) proteins and lipids 
D) growth hormones 
E) protection from consumers

Question 6

Which of the following is not a benefit provided by mutualistic crab and shrimp to the Pocillopora coral?

Accepted Answer

A) protection from predators 
B) promotion of the health and integrity of coral tissue 
C) source of lipids 
D) both protection from predators and source of lipids 
E) both promotion of the health and integrity of coral tissue and source of lipids 
A) protection from predators 
B) promotion of the health and integrity of coral tissue 
C) source of lipids 
D) both protection from predators and source of lipids 
E) both promotion of the health and integrity of coral tissue and source of lipids

Question 7

_____________ mutualism describes a relationship where species are so dependent on their mutualistic relationship they cannot live in its absence.

Accepted Answer

A) Obligate 
B) Critical 
C) Facultative 
D) Dispensable 
E) Essential 
A) Obligate 
B) Critical 
C) Facultative 
D) Dispensable 
E) Essential

Question 8

A cost-benefit model predicts that aspen sunflowers (Helianthella quinquenervis)in shady habitats should be less likely to attract ants than those living in sunny habitats.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In experiments with the prairie grass Andropogon,root:shoot ratios proved to be

Accepted Answer

A) higher in plants grown in poor soils. 
B) lower in plants grown in poor soils. 
C) equal in plants grown in poor and rich soils. 
D) higher in plants grown with mycorrhizae. 
E) equal in plants grown with and without mycorrhizae. 
A) higher in plants grown in poor soils. 
B) lower in plants grown in poor soils. 
C) equal in plants grown in poor and rich soils. 
D) higher in plants grown with mycorrhizae. 
E) equal in plants grown with and without mycorrhizae.

Question 10

Modified leaflet tips of bullshorn acacia that provide a food source for ants are called ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Modified leaflet tips of bullshorn acacia that...

Question 11

The interaction between honeyguide birds and the Boran people of Kenya

Accepted Answer

A) is an obligate mutualism. 
B) is a facultative mutualism. 
C) is exploitative,with humans benefiting but honeyguides exploited. 
D) represents the only way a honeyguide can gain access to a beehive. 
E) depends only on humans following birds,not on active communication by the birds. 
A) is an obligate mutualism. 
B) is a facultative mutualism. 
C) is exploitative,with humans benefiting but honeyguides exploited. 
D) represents the only way a honeyguide can gain access to a beehive. 
E) depends only on humans following birds,not on active communication by the birds.

Question 12

The photosynthetic zooxanthellae associated with reef-building corals are members of the Phylum ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The photosynthetic zooxanthellae associated with reef-building corals...

Question 13

The presence of ant mutualists on bullshorn acacia reduces herbivore attack and increases acacia growth rate,but has little effect on acacia mortality rate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The major benefit obtained by aspen sunflower,Helianthella quinquenervis,from its ant mutualists is

Accepted Answer

A) reduced losses of seeds to seed predators. 
B) reduced loss of leaf tissue to herbivorous insects. 
C) more efficient extraction of soil nutrients. 
D) more rapid growth early in the growing season. 
E) improved attraction of pollinators. 
A) reduced losses of seeds to seed predators. 
B) reduced loss of leaf tissue to herbivorous insects. 
C) more efficient extraction of soil nutrients. 
D) more rapid growth early in the growing season. 
E) improved attraction of pollinators.

Question 15

The enlarged thorns of swollen thorn acacias provide ants with

Accepted Answer

A) a source of sugar. 
B) a source of protein. 
C) a source of fats. 
D) living space. 
E) a habitat for their prey species. 
A) a source of sugar. 
B) a source of protein. 
C) a source of fats. 
D) living space. 
E) a habitat for their prey species.

Question 16

Mycorrhizal fungi (directly)help their plant partners acquire

Accepted Answer

A) sugars. 
B) sunlight. 
C) seed dispersal. 
D) soil nutrients. 
E) pollination. 
A) sugars. 
B) sunlight. 
C) seed dispersal. 
D) soil nutrients. 
E) pollination.

Question 17

The major benefit obtained by zooxanthellae algal cells from their coral host is

Accepted Answer

A) protection from herbivores. 
B) sugars. 
C) phosphorus from coral wastes. 
D) nitrogen from coral wastes. 
E) temperature regulation. 
A) protection from herbivores. 
B) sugars. 
C) phosphorus from coral wastes. 
D) nitrogen from coral wastes. 
E) temperature regulation.

Question 18

A calculated range of values that we estimate contains the true mean of a population with a known degree of certainty is called a

Accepted Answer

A) standard error. 
B) standard deviation. 
C) median. 
D) Students t-value. 
E) confidence interval. 
A) standard error. 
B) standard deviation. 
C) median. 
D) Students t-value. 
E) confidence interval.

Question 19

A mutualistic relationship in which either species can survive without its partner is called a ______________ mutualism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A mutualistic relationship in which either species...

Question 20

Ant-acacia trees provide several services to their mutualistic ant partners.These include

Accepted Answer

A) enlarged thorns to host ant colonies. 
B) nectar from foliar nectaries. 
C) nectar from floral nectaries. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) Both enlarged thorns to host ant colonies and nectar from foliar nectaries. 
A) enlarged thorns to host ant colonies. 
B) nectar from foliar nectaries. 
C) nectar from floral nectaries. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) Both enlarged thorns to host ant colonies and nectar from foliar nectaries.

Exam 15: Mutualism

An interaction between individuals of different species that benefit both partners is called

Ants on the aspen sunflower,Helianthella quinquenervis,obtain sugars and amino acids by

In Kathleen Keeler's cost-benefit model of mutualism,the condition for persistence of mutualists is pwmw + qwmu > wnm.The parameters p and q represent the

Nutrient poor soils should favor mycorrhizal fungi that are

Mycorrhizal fungi acquire _________ from their plant partners.

Which of the following is not a benefit provided by mutualistic crab and shrimp to the Pocillopora coral?

_____________ mutualism describes a relationship where species are so dependent on their mutualistic relationship they cannot live in its absence.

A cost-benefit model predicts that aspen sunflowers (Helianthella quinquenervis)in shady habitats should be less likely to attract ants than those living in sunny habitats.

In experiments with the prairie grass Andropogon,root:shoot ratios proved to be

Modified leaflet tips of bullshorn acacia that provide a food source for ants are called ___________.

The interaction between honeyguide birds and the Boran people of Kenya

The photosynthetic zooxanthellae associated with reef-building corals are members of the Phylum ___________.

The presence of ant mutualists on bullshorn acacia reduces herbivore attack and increases acacia growth rate,but has little effect on acacia mortality rate.

The major benefit obtained by aspen sunflower,Helianthella quinquenervis,from its ant mutualists is

The enlarged thorns of swollen thorn acacias provide ants with

Mycorrhizal fungi (directly)help their plant partners acquire

The major benefit obtained by zooxanthellae algal cells from their coral host is

A calculated range of values that we estimate contains the true mean of a population with a known degree of certainty is called a

A mutualistic relationship in which either species can survive without its partner is called a ______________ mutualism.

Ant-acacia trees provide several services to their mutualistic ant partners.These include

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

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In Kathleen Keeler's cost-benefit model of mutualism,the condition for persistence of mutualists is pw_mw + qw_mu > w_nm.The parameters p and q represent the