Question 1

How does the skunk cabbage maintain the temperature of its inflorescence 15$\degree$C to 35$\degree$C above air ambient temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) metabolizing starch at a very high rate 
B) orienting the inflorescence perpendicular to the sun's rays 
C) maintaining a bowl shape which reflects and concentrates solar energy 
D) maintaining a cushion shape 
E) extending its inflorescence along the ground to maximize conductive heat gain 
A) metabolizing starch at a very high rate 
B) orienting the inflorescence perpendicular to the sun's rays 
C) maintaining a bowl shape which reflects and concentrates solar energy 
D) maintaining a cushion shape 
E) extending its inflorescence along the ground to maximize conductive heat gain A

Question 2

According to Kidron,Barzilay,and Sachs' research on the dune slopes of the Negev Desert,moss would most likely be found on _________ facing slopes due to _________.

Accepted Answer

A) south; decreased evaporation rates 
B) south; increased evaporation rates 
C) north; increased evaporation rates 
D) north; decreased evaporation rates 
E) Moss does not grow in the Negev Desert. 
A) south; decreased evaporation rates 
B) south; increased evaporation rates 
C) north; increased evaporation rates 
D) north; decreased evaporation rates 
E) Moss does not grow in the Negev Desert. D

Question 3

Dolphins use __________________ to conserve body heat.

Accepted Answer

A) concurrent heat exchange 
B) countercurrent heat exchange 
C) thoracic muscles 
D) diet 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) concurrent heat exchange 
B) countercurrent heat exchange 
C) thoracic muscles 
D) diet 
E) All of the choices are correct. B

Question 4

Plants,unlike animals,cannot thermoregulate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

According to Levins' principle of allocation,adaptation (higher fitness)to one environment results in reduced fitness in another environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The arctic and alpine cushion plants and the Camnula grasshopper both use __________________ to aid in thermoregulation.

Accepted Answer

A) countercurrent heat exchange mechanisms 
B) endothermic methods 
C) increased water retention 
D) torpor 
E) dark pigmentation 
A) countercurrent heat exchange mechanisms 
B) endothermic methods 
C) increased water retention 
D) torpor 
E) dark pigmentation

Question 7

Which of the following survival mechanisms is/are best suited for intense heat and drought?

Accepted Answer

A) hibernation 
B) torpor 
C) estivation 
D) both hibernation and torpor 
E) both torpor and estivation 
A) hibernation 
B) torpor 
C) estivation 
D) both hibernation and torpor 
E) both torpor and estivation

Question 8

Torpor and hibernation share all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) duration. 
B) decreased body temperature. 
C) decreased metabolic rate. 
D) decreased energy demand. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) duration. 
B) decreased body temperature. 
C) decreased metabolic rate. 
D) decreased energy demand. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 9

Macroclimates and microclimates vary only slightly from one another in terms of temperature and moisture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The arctic flower,Dryas integrifolia,regulates the temperature of its reproductive structures by

Accepted Answer

A) sun-tracking behavior. 
B) increasing its metabolic rate. 
C) dark petal coloration. 
D) both sun-tracking behavior and increasing its metabolic rate. 
E) both increasing its metabolic rate and dark petal coloration. 
A) sun-tracking behavior. 
B) increasing its metabolic rate. 
C) dark petal coloration. 
D) both sun-tracking behavior and increasing its metabolic rate. 
E) both increasing its metabolic rate and dark petal coloration.

Question 11

You are a student working in the laboratory of a researcher who studies rainbow trout.A power outage over the weekend results in temperatures of over 25$\degree$C in the large pools which house the fish.When you arrive Monday morning you notice the fish are swimming on their sides or swimming in spirals.What conclusions can you draw?

Accepted Answer

A) the fish are suffering thermal stress 
B) the fish are experiencing improper neuronal function 
C) the affinity of acetylcholinesterase for acetylcholine is reduced 
D) the temperature of the water is affecting fish enzyme shape and flexibility 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) the fish are suffering thermal stress 
B) the fish are experiencing improper neuronal function 
C) the affinity of acetylcholinesterase for acetylcholine is reduced 
D) the temperature of the water is affecting fish enzyme shape and flexibility 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 12

Most insects use external sources of heat to achieve their operative temperature range.Heinrich's research on the sphinx moth (Manduca sexta)indicates that some insects can thermoregulate by using their flight muscles and

Accepted Answer

A) using their blood as a coolant. 
B) decreasing their metabolic rate. 
C) possessing an internal respiratory system. 
D) using a countercurrent heat exchange mechanism. 
E) using a concurrent heat exchange mechanism. 
A) using their blood as a coolant. 
B) decreasing their metabolic rate. 
C) possessing an internal respiratory system. 
D) using a countercurrent heat exchange mechanism. 
E) using a concurrent heat exchange mechanism.

Question 13

Metabolic heat (Hm)is the heat

Accepted Answer

A) energy intake an organism must have for movement. 
B) released during cellular respiration. 
C) energy needed in order to undergo cellular respiration. 
D) energy loss due to evaporation. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) energy intake an organism must have for movement. 
B) released during cellular respiration. 
C) energy needed in order to undergo cellular respiration. 
D) energy loss due to evaporation. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 14

Which of the following are mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A) psychrophile: salt-loving microbe 
B) thermophile: heat-loving microbe 
C) poikilotherm: ectotherm 
D) homeotherm: endotherm 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) psychrophile: salt-loving microbe 
B) thermophile: heat-loving microbe 
C) poikilotherm: ectotherm 
D) homeotherm: endotherm 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 15

When an organism becomes acclimated to a new environmental situation; it will generally involve

Accepted Answer

A) physiological changes. 
B) genetic changes. 
C) sociological changes. 
D) both physiological changes and genetic changes. 
E) both genetic changes and sociological changes. 
A) physiological changes. 
B) genetic changes. 
C) sociological changes. 
D) both physiological changes and genetic changes. 
E) both genetic changes and sociological changes.

Question 16

Research suggests that the localized extinction of several species of land snails near Basal,Switzerland was due to:

Accepted Answer

A) genetic mutation. 
B) toxic water source. 
C) climatic warming. 
D) exotic predator. 
E) loss of habitat. 
A) genetic mutation. 
B) toxic water source. 
C) climatic warming. 
D) exotic predator. 
E) loss of habitat.

Question 17

Aquatic environments show less temperature variations than terrestrial environments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Homeothermic organisms use a significant portion of their metabolic energy for endothermy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

How are the studies performed on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)and the moss Pleurozium schreberi and the desert shrub Atriplex lentiformis similar?

Accepted Answer

A) Both studies examine the effects of microclimates. 
B) Both studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range. 
C) Both studies are coupled to enzymatic activity. 
D) Both studies examine the effects of microclimates and studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range. 
E) Both studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range and are coupled to enzymatic activity. 
A) Both studies examine the effects of microclimates. 
B) Both studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range. 
C) Both studies are coupled to enzymatic activity. 
D) Both studies examine the effects of microclimates and studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range. 
E) Both studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range and are coupled to enzymatic activity.

Question 20

Bluefin tuna and mackerel sharks are considered to be endothermic fish because their

Accepted Answer

A) lateral swim muscles heat cool venous blood,thereby elevating their body temperature above the surrounding water temperature. 
B) abdominal swim muscles heat cool venous blood,thereby matching their body temperature to the surrounding water temperature. 
C) lateral swim muscles cool warm arterial blood,thereby elevating their body temperature above the surrounding water temperature. 
D) lateral swim muscles heat cool arterial blood,thereby elevating their body temperature above the surrounding water temperature. 
E) lateral swim muscles heat cool arterial blood,thereby matching their body temperature to the surrounding water temperature. 
A) lateral swim muscles heat cool venous blood,thereby elevating their body temperature above the surrounding water temperature. 
B) abdominal swim muscles heat cool venous blood,thereby matching their body temperature to the surrounding water temperature. 
C) lateral swim muscles cool warm arterial blood,thereby elevating their body temperature above the surrounding water temperature. 
D) lateral swim muscles heat cool arterial blood,thereby elevating their body temperature above the surrounding water temperature. 
E) lateral swim muscles heat cool arterial blood,thereby matching their body temperature to the surrounding water temperature.

Exam 5: Temperature Relations

How does the skunk cabbage maintain the temperature of its inflorescence 15 °\degree° C to 35 °\degree° C above air ambient temperature?

According to Kidron,Barzilay,and Sachs' research on the dune slopes of the Negev Desert,moss would most likely be found on _________ facing slopes due to _________.

Dolphins use __________________ to conserve body heat.

Plants,unlike animals,cannot thermoregulate.

According to Levins' principle of allocation,adaptation (higher fitness)to one environment results in reduced fitness in another environment.

The arctic and alpine cushion plants and the Camnula grasshopper both use __________________ to aid in thermoregulation.

Which of the following survival mechanisms is/are best suited for intense heat and drought?

Torpor and hibernation share all of the following except:

Macroclimates and microclimates vary only slightly from one another in terms of temperature and moisture.

The arctic flower,Dryas integrifolia,regulates the temperature of its reproductive structures by

Most insects use external sources of heat to achieve their operative temperature range.Heinrich's research on the sphinx moth (Manduca sexta)indicates that some insects can thermoregulate by using their flight muscles and

Metabolic heat (Hm)is the heat

Which of the following are mismatched?

When an organism becomes acclimated to a new environmental situation; it will generally involve

Research suggests that the localized extinction of several species of land snails near Basal,Switzerland was due to:

Aquatic environments show less temperature variations than terrestrial environments.

Homeothermic organisms use a significant portion of their metabolic energy for endothermy.

How are the studies performed on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)and the moss Pleurozium schreberi and the desert shrub Atriplex lentiformis similar?

Bluefin tuna and mackerel sharks are considered to be endothermic fish because their

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

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How does the skunk cabbage maintain the temperature of its inflorescence 15 $\degree$ C to 35 $\degree$ C above air ambient temperature?

According to Kidron,Barzilay,and Sachs' research on the dune slopes of the Negev Desert,moss would most likely be found on _ facing slopes due to _.

Metabolic heat (H_m)is the heat