Question 1

The terrestrial ecosystems with highest primary production are usually those that are

Accepted Answer

A) warm and wet. 
B) warm and dry. 
C) cool and wet. 
D) cool and dry. 
E) intermediate in both temperature and moisture. 
A) warm and wet. 
B) warm and dry. 
C) cool and wet. 
D) cool and dry. 
E) intermediate in both temperature and moisture. A

Question 2

You are comparing two population means with a Student's t-Test.If the calculated value of t is greater than the critical value of t,you accept the hypothesis which states that there is a significant difference between the population means.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct relationship between gross primary production (GPP),net primary production (NPP),and respiration (RESP)?

Accepted Answer

A) GPP = NPP - RESP 
B) RESP = GPP + NPP 
C) NPP = GPP - RESP 
D) NPP = GPP + RESP 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) GPP = NPP - RESP 
B) RESP = GPP + NPP 
C) NPP = GPP - RESP 
D) NPP = GPP + RESP 
E) None of the choices are correct. C

Question 4

Experimental fertilizations in the Baltic Sea suggest that primary productivity there is normally limited by

Accepted Answer

A) phosphorus. 
B) nitrogen. 
C) iron. 
D) potassium. 
E) temperature. 
A) phosphorus. 
B) nitrogen. 
C) iron. 
D) potassium. 
E) temperature.

Question 5

Primary producers make up the first,or basal,____________ in most food webs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Primary producers make up the first,or basal,____________...

Question 6

Primary production is lowest in which ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A) creosote bush desert 
B) annual grassland 
C) subalpine forest 
D) temperate deciduous forest 
E) tropical forest 
A) creosote bush desert 
B) annual grassland 
C) subalpine forest 
D) temperate deciduous forest 
E) tropical forest

Question 7

Nitrogen stable isotopes are useful tools for the study of food web structure because isotope ratios

Accepted Answer

A) change in predictable ways across trophic levels. 
B) often vary among alternative food sources for a consumer. 
C) for a predator exactly match the isotope ratio in its prey. 
D) both change in predictable ways across trophic levels and often vary among alternative food sources for a consumer. 
A) change in predictable ways across trophic levels. 
B) often vary among alternative food sources for a consumer. 
C) for a predator exactly match the isotope ratio in its prey. 
D) both change in predictable ways across trophic levels and often vary among alternative food sources for a consumer.

Question 8

On the Serengeti plain of eastern Africa,intensive grazing by large mammals greatly decreases primary productivity in the grazed areas.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The total amount of energy fixed by autotrophs in an ecosystem is called ________________.

Accepted Answer

gross prim

Question 10

In Stephen Carpenter and colleagues' manipulations of lake food webs,increased densities of adult largemouth bass led to

Accepted Answer

A) increased rates of grazing on phytoplankton by zooplankton. 
B) decreased rates of grazing on phytoplankton by zooplankton. 
C) increased population sizes of planktivorous fish. 
D) increased consumption of zooplankton by planktivorous fish. 
E) no noticeable effects on food web structure. 
A) increased rates of grazing on phytoplankton by zooplankton. 
B) decreased rates of grazing on phytoplankton by zooplankton. 
C) increased population sizes of planktivorous fish. 
D) increased consumption of zooplankton by planktivorous fish. 
E) no noticeable effects on food web structure.

Question 11

The "trophic cascade hypothesis" emphasizes the role of

Accepted Answer

A) nutrients in controlling primary productivity. 
B) nutrients in controlling primary consumption. 
C) consumers in controlling primary productivity. 
D) grazing by herbivores in controlling ecosystem nutrient levels. 
E) primary productivity in controlling primary and secondary consumption. 
A) nutrients in controlling primary productivity. 
B) nutrients in controlling primary consumption. 
C) consumers in controlling primary productivity. 
D) grazing by herbivores in controlling ecosystem nutrient levels. 
E) primary productivity in controlling primary and secondary consumption.

Question 12

Actual evapotranspiration rates are highest in ____________ climates.

Accepted Answer

A) warm,moist 
B) cold,moist 
C) warm,dry 
D) cold,dry 
E) actual evapotranspiration rate is not affected by climate 
A) warm,moist 
B) cold,moist 
C) warm,dry 
D) cold,dry 
E) actual evapotranspiration rate is not affected by climate

Question 13

The production of new organic matter,or biomass,by autotrophs in a system is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) primary production 
B) primary construction 
C) trophic production 
D) trophic gain 
E) autotrophic gain 
A) primary production 
B) primary construction 
C) trophic production 
D) trophic gain 
E) autotrophic gain

Question 14

The rate of primary production on the Serengeti grassland is positively correlated with

Accepted Answer

A) rainfall. 
B) moderate grazing. 
C) high-intensity grazing. 
D) both rainfall and moderate grazing. 
E) both rainfall and high-intensity grazing. 
A) rainfall. 
B) moderate grazing. 
C) high-intensity grazing. 
D) both rainfall and moderate grazing. 
E) both rainfall and high-intensity grazing.

Question 15

Among lakes,primary productivity seems to be mainly controlled by levels of

Accepted Answer

A) light. 
B) pollutants. 
C) temperature. 
D) nutrients. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) light. 
B) pollutants. 
C) temperature. 
D) nutrients. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Among marine systems,primary productivity is highest in tropical portions of the major oceans,far from terrestrial influences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

"Actual evapotranspiration" for an ecosystem refers to the amount of water that

Accepted Answer

A) is taken up from soils by plant roots. 
B) evaporates from soils. 
C) is transpired by plants. 
D) evaporates from soils plus the amount transpired by plants. 
E) could evaporate from soils,if they were kept wet at all times. 
A) is taken up from soils by plant roots. 
B) evaporates from soils. 
C) is transpired by plants. 
D) evaporates from soils plus the amount transpired by plants. 
E) could evaporate from soils,if they were kept wet at all times.

Question 18

Carnivores that feed on herbivores (or on detritivores)are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) primary producers. 
B) primary consumers. 
C) secondary consumers. 
D) parasitoids. 
E) keystone species. 
A) primary producers. 
B) primary consumers. 
C) secondary consumers. 
D) parasitoids. 
E) keystone species.

Question 19

The number of trophic levels in an ecosystem is limited by

Accepted Answer

A) the number of tertiary consumers. 
B) the loss of energy with each transfer between trophic levels. 
C) the gain of energy with each transfer between trophic levels. 
D) the rate at which organisms can recycle energy within the ecosystem. 
E) the rate at which secondary consumers consume their prey. 
A) the number of tertiary consumers. 
B) the loss of energy with each transfer between trophic levels. 
C) the gain of energy with each transfer between trophic levels. 
D) the rate at which organisms can recycle energy within the ecosystem. 
E) the rate at which secondary consumers consume their prey.

Question 20

Net primary productivity is the primary productivity of an ecosystem,after subtracting energy lost in

Accepted Answer

A) dead plant tissues. 
B) inedible plant tissues. 
C) respiration by primary producers. 
D) respiration by primary consumers. 
E) inefficiencies of photosynthesis. 
A) dead plant tissues. 
B) inedible plant tissues. 
C) respiration by primary producers. 
D) respiration by primary consumers. 
E) inefficiencies of photosynthesis.

Exam 18: Primary Production and Energy Flow

The terrestrial ecosystems with highest primary production are usually those that are

You are comparing two population means with a Student's t-Test.If the calculated value of t is greater than the critical value of t,you accept the hypothesis which states that there is a significant difference between the population means.

Which of the following is the correct relationship between gross primary production (GPP),net primary production (NPP),and respiration (RESP)?

Experimental fertilizations in the Baltic Sea suggest that primary productivity there is normally limited by

Primary producers make up the first,or basal,____________ in most food webs.

Primary production is lowest in which ecosystem?

Nitrogen stable isotopes are useful tools for the study of food web structure because isotope ratios

On the Serengeti plain of eastern Africa,intensive grazing by large mammals greatly decreases primary productivity in the grazed areas.

The total amount of energy fixed by autotrophs in an ecosystem is called ________________.

In Stephen Carpenter and colleagues' manipulations of lake food webs,increased densities of adult largemouth bass led to

The "trophic cascade hypothesis" emphasizes the role of

Actual evapotranspiration rates are highest in ____________ climates.

The production of new organic matter,or biomass,by autotrophs in a system is called ____________.

The rate of primary production on the Serengeti grassland is positively correlated with

Among lakes,primary productivity seems to be mainly controlled by levels of

Among marine systems,primary productivity is highest in tropical portions of the major oceans,far from terrestrial influences.

"Actual evapotranspiration" for an ecosystem refers to the amount of water that

Carnivores that feed on herbivores (or on detritivores)are referred to as

The number of trophic levels in an ecosystem is limited by

Net primary productivity is the primary productivity of an ecosystem,after subtracting energy lost in

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

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