Question 1

The number of eggs laid by a female is called her

Accepted Answer

A) fertility. 
B) gonadosomatic index. 
C) growth form. 
D) rotundity. 
E) fecundity. 
A) fertility. 
B) gonadosomatic index. 
C) growth form. 
D) rotundity. 
E) fecundity. E

Question 2

Grime's classification of plant life histories focuses attention on

Accepted Answer

A) stress and disturbance. 
B) stress and nutrient availability. 
C) disturbance and gene flow. 
D) disturbance and plant species diversity. 
E) r- vs.K-selection. 
A) stress and disturbance. 
B) stress and nutrient availability. 
C) disturbance and gene flow. 
D) disturbance and plant species diversity. 
E) r- vs.K-selection. A

Question 3

Seeds bearing eliasomes are likely to be dispersed by

Accepted Answer

A) ants. 
B) wind. 
C) water. 
D) birds. 
E) scatterhoarding mammals. 
A) ants. 
B) wind. 
C) water. 
D) birds. 
E) scatterhoarding mammals. A

Question 4

Westoby,Leishman,and Lord found that on average,________ produce the largest seeds.

Accepted Answer

A) forbs 
B) woody plants 
C) climbing plants and vines 
D) graminoids 
E) herbs 
A) forbs 
B) woody plants 
C) climbing plants and vines 
D) graminoids 
E) herbs

Question 5

"Riparian" refers to plant communities occurring

Accepted Answer

A) in the tropics. 
B) at high altitudes. 
C) along the edges of deserts. 
D) in permanently flooded areas. 
E) in transitions between riverbanks and upland areas. 
A) in the tropics. 
B) at high altitudes. 
C) along the edges of deserts. 
D) in permanently flooded areas. 
E) in transitions between riverbanks and upland areas.

Question 6

In Grime's classification,a plant species adapted to highly disturbed environments is called a ____________ species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Grime's classification,a plant species adapted to...

Question 7

Which of the following influence the number and size of seeds produced by plants?

Accepted Answer

A) growth form 
B) dispersal mode 
C) disturbance intensity 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) both growth form and dispersal mode 
A) growth form 
B) dispersal mode 
C) disturbance intensity 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) both growth form and dispersal mode

Question 8

Which of the following environments for germinating seed is most likely to favor a plant species that makes many small seeds,compared to one that makes fewer larger seeds?

Accepted Answer

A) nutrient limitation 
B) competition from established plants 
C) shade 
D) deep burial in soil 
E) disturbance 
A) nutrient limitation 
B) competition from established plants 
C) shade 
D) deep burial in soil 
E) disturbance

Question 9

Life histories typical of r-selection are most likely to evolve where species populations are near carrying capacity much of the time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Rates of gene flow can be estimated from similarity in allele frequencies among populations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

According to research by Westoby,Leishman,and Lord,plants that disperse their seeds in different ways tend to produce seeds of different sizes.Which is the correct order of seed mass from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

A) vertebrate-dispersed,ant-dispersed,scatterhoarded,wind-dispersed 
B) unassisted,ant-dispersed,scatterhoarded,wind-dispersed 
C) scatterhoarded,vertebrate-dispersed,ant-dispersed,adhesion-adapted 
D) unassisted,adhesion-adapted,ant-dispersed,scatterhoarded 
E) unassisted,adhesion-adapted,wind-dispersed,ant-dispersed 
A) vertebrate-dispersed,ant-dispersed,scatterhoarded,wind-dispersed 
B) unassisted,ant-dispersed,scatterhoarded,wind-dispersed 
C) scatterhoarded,vertebrate-dispersed,ant-dispersed,adhesion-adapted 
D) unassisted,adhesion-adapted,ant-dispersed,scatterhoarded 
E) unassisted,adhesion-adapted,wind-dispersed,ant-dispersed

Question 12

Which statement about the impact of dams on cottonwood forests is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Damming reduces growth of established cottonwoods downstream. 
B) Damming increases mortality of established cottonwoods downstream. 
C) By reducing flooding downstream,damming improves cottonwood seed germination. 
D) The timing of water release from a dam can greatly affect cottonwood seed germination. 
E) Careful management of flow through dams can greatly reduce harmful impacts on cottonwoods downstream. 
A) Damming reduces growth of established cottonwoods downstream. 
B) Damming increases mortality of established cottonwoods downstream. 
C) By reducing flooding downstream,damming improves cottonwood seed germination. 
D) The timing of water release from a dam can greatly affect cottonwood seed germination. 
E) Careful management of flow through dams can greatly reduce harmful impacts on cottonwoods downstream.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic favored by K-selection?

Accepted Answer

A) low intrinsic rate of increase 
B) late reproduction 
C) many,small offspring 
D) repeated bouts of reproduction 
E) strong competitive ability 
A) low intrinsic rate of increase 
B) late reproduction 
C) many,small offspring 
D) repeated bouts of reproduction 
E) strong competitive ability

Question 14

As a fraction of adult mass,the mass of offspring at independence tends to be largest in

Accepted Answer

A) mammals. 
B) altricial birds. 
C) lizards. 
D) both mammals and lizards. 
E) All three groups have similar values. 
A) mammals. 
B) altricial birds. 
C) lizards. 
D) both mammals and lizards. 
E) All three groups have similar values.

Question 15

Turner and Trexler found a __________ relationship between egg size and ________ in the darter populations that live in rivers and streams of central North America.

Accepted Answer

A) positive; gene flow 
B) positive; egg number 
C) positive; female size 
D) positive; clutch size 
E) negative; gene flow 
A) positive; gene flow 
B) positive; egg number 
C) positive; female size 
D) positive; clutch size 
E) negative; gene flow

Question 16

Which of the following observations can be explained by the energetic limitation of an organism's total reproductive effort?

Accepted Answer

A) Darter diversity is very high in the Ozark Highlands. 
B) Darters that lay many eggs lay smaller eggs,on average. 
C) Seed size in plants varies over at least 10 orders of magnitude. 
D) Seed size in plants depends in part on the plant's seed dispersal mechanism. 
E) More than one of the choices. 
A) Darter diversity is very high in the Ozark Highlands. 
B) Darters that lay many eggs lay smaller eggs,on average. 
C) Seed size in plants varies over at least 10 orders of magnitude. 
D) Seed size in plants depends in part on the plant's seed dispersal mechanism. 
E) More than one of the choices.

Question 17

Which of the following are characteristics favored by K selection?

Accepted Answer

A) iteroparity 
B) small body size 
C) rapid development 
D) high rmax 
E) early reproduction 
A) iteroparity 
B) small body size 
C) rapid development 
D) high rmax 
E) early reproduction

Question 18

A "forb" is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) fish species living in the open ocean. 
B) bird species having offspring independent at a young age. 
C) plant species with woody tissue. 
D) grass or sedge. 
E) herbaceous,but non-graminoid,plant species. 
A) fish species living in the open ocean. 
B) bird species having offspring independent at a young age. 
C) plant species with woody tissue. 
D) grass or sedge. 
E) herbaceous,but non-graminoid,plant species.

Question 19

Among fish species,an "opportunistic" life history is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A) high juvenile survival,large numbers of offspring,and early maturity. 
B) high juvenile survival,large numbers of offspring,and late maturity. 
C) low juvenile survival,low number of offspring,and early maturity. 
D) traits that maximize colonizing ability for environments that do not vary much in time or space. 
E) traits that maximize colonizing ability for environments that are very stressful. 
A) high juvenile survival,large numbers of offspring,and early maturity. 
B) high juvenile survival,large numbers of offspring,and late maturity. 
C) low juvenile survival,low number of offspring,and early maturity. 
D) traits that maximize colonizing ability for environments that do not vary much in time or space. 
E) traits that maximize colonizing ability for environments that are very stressful.

Question 20

Bird species whose offspring are born helpless and depending on parental care are said to be _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bird species whose offspring are born helpless...

Exam 12: Life Histories

The number of eggs laid by a female is called her

Grime's classification of plant life histories focuses attention on

Seeds bearing eliasomes are likely to be dispersed by

Westoby,Leishman,and Lord found that on average,________ produce the largest seeds.

"Riparian" refers to plant communities occurring

In Grime's classification,a plant species adapted to highly disturbed environments is called a ____________ species.

Which of the following influence the number and size of seeds produced by plants?

Which of the following environments for germinating seed is most likely to favor a plant species that makes many small seeds,compared to one that makes fewer larger seeds?

Life histories typical of r-selection are most likely to evolve where species populations are near carrying capacity much of the time.

Rates of gene flow can be estimated from similarity in allele frequencies among populations.

According to research by Westoby,Leishman,and Lord,plants that disperse their seeds in different ways tend to produce seeds of different sizes.Which is the correct order of seed mass from smallest to largest?

Which statement about the impact of dams on cottonwood forests is false?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic favored by K-selection?

As a fraction of adult mass,the mass of offspring at independence tends to be largest in

Turner and Trexler found a __________ relationship between egg size and ________ in the darter populations that live in rivers and streams of central North America.

Which of the following observations can be explained by the energetic limitation of an organism's total reproductive effort?

Which of the following are characteristics favored by K selection?

A "forb" is a(n)

Among fish species,an "opportunistic" life history is characterized by

Bird species whose offspring are born helpless and depending on parental care are said to be _____________.

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

Turner and Trexler found a __ relationship between egg size and in the darter populations that live in rivers and streams of central North America.