Question 1

Evolution of distinct niches in the presence of competition is called _____________.

Accepted Answer

character displacement

Question 2

Rodents that feed primarily on seeds are called ____________.

Accepted Answer

granivores

Question 3

Two species occurring together in the same place are said to be

Accepted Answer

A) competitors. 
B) precocial. 
C) mutualists. 
D) allopatric. 
E) sympatric. 
A) competitors. 
B) precocial. 
C) mutualists. 
D) allopatric. 
E) sympatric. E

Question 4

In the Lotka-Volterra competition equations,if $\alpha$21 > 1,then

Accepted Answer

A) the population growth rate of species 2 is reduced equally by individuals of either species 1 or species 2. 
B) the population growth rate of species 2 is reduced more by each individual of species 2 than by each individual of species 1. 
C) the population growth rate of species 2 is reduced more by each individual of species 1 than by each individual of species 2. 
D) We would also have to know the value of K2 to decide which of the above is true. 
E) We cannot tell from the parameters of the equation which of the choices is true. 
A) the population growth rate of species 2 is reduced equally by individuals of either species 1 or species 2. 
B) the population growth rate of species 2 is reduced more by each individual of species 2 than by each individual of species 1. 
C) the population growth rate of species 2 is reduced more by each individual of species 1 than by each individual of species 2. 
D) We would also have to know the value of K2 to decide which of the above is true. 
E) We cannot tell from the parameters of the equation which of the choices is true.

Question 5

Joseph Connell discovered that Balanus barnacles were excluded from the upper intertidal zone by ____________,while Chthalamus barnacles were excluded from the middle intertidal zone by ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) competition from mussels,prolonged immersion in water 
B) competition from mussels,competition with Balanus 
C) prolonged exposure to air,competition with Balanus 
D) prolonged exposure to air,competition with algae 
E) predation by wading birds,predation by starfish 
A) competition from mussels,prolonged immersion in water 
B) competition from mussels,competition with Balanus 
C) prolonged exposure to air,competition with Balanus 
D) prolonged exposure to air,competition with algae 
E) predation by wading birds,predation by starfish

Question 6

Analysis of the Lotka-Volterra competition model implies that two competitors can coexist only when

Accepted Answer

A) interspecific competition is stronger than intraspecific competition. 
B) intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition. 
C) intraspecific and interspecific competition are equally strong. 
D) predation or parasitism is stronger than interspecific competition. 
E) Actually,the model implies that two competitors can never coexist. 
A) interspecific competition is stronger than intraspecific competition. 
B) intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition. 
C) intraspecific and interspecific competition are equally strong. 
D) predation or parasitism is stronger than interspecific competition. 
E) Actually,the model implies that two competitors can never coexist.

Question 7

If the isocline for species 1 lies above that of species 2,

Accepted Answer

A) species 2 will eventually exclude species 1. 
B) a stable coexistence of the two species has been established. 
C) species 1 will eventually exclude species 2. 
D) an unstable coexistence of the two species has been established. 
E) all growth trajectories lead to the point where N2=K2 and N1=0. 
A) species 2 will eventually exclude species 1. 
B) a stable coexistence of the two species has been established. 
C) species 1 will eventually exclude species 2. 
D) an unstable coexistence of the two species has been established. 
E) all growth trajectories lead to the point where N2=K2 and N1=0.

Question 8

Gause's laboratory experiments with Paramecium species provided evidence for:

Accepted Answer

A) character displacement. 
B) the niche. 
C) self-thinning rule. 
D) competitive exclusion principle. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) character displacement. 
B) the niche. 
C) self-thinning rule. 
D) competitive exclusion principle. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 9

In plants,"self-thinning" refers to reduction in

Accepted Answer

A) the biomass of an individual in response to competition. 
B) the total biomass of a population in response to competition. 
C) both population density and population biomass in response to competition. 
D) population density in response to competition,as population biomass increases. 
E) population density due to grazing by herbivores. 
A) the biomass of an individual in response to competition. 
B) the total biomass of a population in response to competition. 
C) both population density and population biomass in response to competition. 
D) population density in response to competition,as population biomass increases. 
E) population density due to grazing by herbivores.

Question 10

In mature white pine forests of New Hampshire

Accepted Answer

A) belowground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks. 
B) belowground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of white pine seedlings. 
C) aboveground intraspecific competition suppresses the growth of white pine seedlings. 
D) aboveground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks. 
E) belowground intraspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks. 
A) belowground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks. 
B) belowground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of white pine seedlings. 
C) aboveground intraspecific competition suppresses the growth of white pine seedlings. 
D) aboveground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks. 
E) belowground intraspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks.

Question 11

Field experiments differ from laboratory experiments in that

Accepted Answer

A) laboratory experiments include controls,but field experiments need not. 
B) field experiments can be more easily replicated than laboratory experiments. 
C) laboratory experiments allow variables not of direct interest to be controlled,while in field experiments these typically vary. 
D) field experiments can teach us about ecological systems,but laboratory experiments cannot. 
E) field experiments are often used by ecologists,but laboratory experiments never are. 
A) laboratory experiments include controls,but field experiments need not. 
B) field experiments can be more easily replicated than laboratory experiments. 
C) laboratory experiments allow variables not of direct interest to be controlled,while in field experiments these typically vary. 
D) field experiments can teach us about ecological systems,but laboratory experiments cannot. 
E) field experiments are often used by ecologists,but laboratory experiments never are.

Question 12

Within a species,all individuals have identical niches.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

During droughts in the Galápagos Islands,the ground finches most likely to survive are those with

Accepted Answer

A) smaller bodies. 
B) smaller bills. 
C) earlier maturation. 
D) larger bills. 
E) larger territories. 
A) smaller bodies. 
B) smaller bills. 
C) earlier maturation. 
D) larger bills. 
E) larger territories.

Question 14

Research by James Byers on the relationship between a native and an invasive species of mud snail

Accepted Answer

A) demonstrated that the invasive species Batillaria grows faster than the native species Cerithidea. 
B) demonstrated that at high densities Batillaria continued to grow at a relatively high rate while Cerithidea lost weight. 
C) indicated that Batillaria is much more efficient at converting available food into its own biomass. 
D) predicts a time to competitive exclusion of Cerithidea by Batillaria of 55 to 70 years. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) demonstrated that the invasive species Batillaria grows faster than the native species Cerithidea. 
B) demonstrated that at high densities Batillaria continued to grow at a relatively high rate while Cerithidea lost weight. 
C) indicated that Batillaria is much more efficient at converting available food into its own biomass. 
D) predicts a time to competitive exclusion of Cerithidea by Batillaria of 55 to 70 years. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

The process of evolution toward niche divergence in the face of competition is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) niche displacement 
B) niche evolution 
C) character displacement 
D) character evolution 
E) allopatric displacement 
A) niche displacement 
B) niche evolution 
C) character displacement 
D) character evolution 
E) allopatric displacement

Question 16

In Thomas Park's experiments with Tribolium beetles,which of the following was true?

Accepted Answer

A) T.confusum and T.castaneum had identical niches. 
B) T.confusum and T.castaneum always coexisted when cultured together. 
C) T.confusum and T.castaneum never coexisted when cultured together. 
D) T.confusum and T.castaneum could coexist under some environmental conditions,but not all. 
E) T.confusum and T.castaneum proved to be unsuitable species for laboratory experimentation. 
A) T.confusum and T.castaneum had identical niches. 
B) T.confusum and T.castaneum always coexisted when cultured together. 
C) T.confusum and T.castaneum never coexisted when cultured together. 
D) T.confusum and T.castaneum could coexist under some environmental conditions,but not all. 
E) T.confusum and T.castaneum proved to be unsuitable species for laboratory experimentation.

Question 17

Competition between members of a single species is called

Accepted Answer

A) cohort specific competition. 
B) species specific competition. 
C) interspecific competition. 
D) intraspecific competition. 
E) interference competition. 
A) cohort specific competition. 
B) species specific competition. 
C) interspecific competition. 
D) intraspecific competition. 
E) interference competition.

Question 18

Which of the following does NOT contribute to determining the niche of the salt-marsh grass Spartina anglica?

Accepted Answer

A) the height of tidal fluctuations 
B) the fetch of the estuary 
C) latitude 
D) temperature 
E) rainfall frequency 
A) the height of tidal fluctuations 
B) the fetch of the estuary 
C) latitude 
D) temperature 
E) rainfall frequency

Question 19

When a new species arises through hybridization followed by doubling of chromosome number,the process is called _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a new species arises through hybridization...

Question 20

Intraspecific competition among planthoppers

Accepted Answer

A) results in reduced survivorship. 
B) results in increased development time. 
C) occurs via resources rather than interference. 
D) occurs because plants exploited by planthoppers have less protein and less moisture. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) results in reduced survivorship. 
B) results in increased development time. 
C) occurs via resources rather than interference. 
D) occurs because plants exploited by planthoppers have less protein and less moisture. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Exam 13: Competition

Evolution of distinct niches in the presence of competition is called _____________.

Rodents that feed primarily on seeds are called ____________.

Two species occurring together in the same place are said to be

In the Lotka-Volterra competition equations,if α\alphaα 21 > 1,then

Joseph Connell discovered that Balanus barnacles were excluded from the upper intertidal zone by ____________,while Chthalamus barnacles were excluded from the middle intertidal zone by ___________.

Analysis of the Lotka-Volterra competition model implies that two competitors can coexist only when

If the isocline for species 1 lies above that of species 2,

Gause's laboratory experiments with Paramecium species provided evidence for:

In plants,"self-thinning" refers to reduction in

In mature white pine forests of New Hampshire

Field experiments differ from laboratory experiments in that

Within a species,all individuals have identical niches.

During droughts in the Galápagos Islands,the ground finches most likely to survive are those with

Research by James Byers on the relationship between a native and an invasive species of mud snail

The process of evolution toward niche divergence in the face of competition is called ____________.

In Thomas Park's experiments with Tribolium beetles,which of the following was true?

Competition between members of a single species is called

Which of the following does NOT contribute to determining the niche of the salt-marsh grass Spartina anglica?

When a new species arises through hybridization followed by doubling of chromosome number,the process is called _____________.

Intraspecific competition among planthoppers

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

In the Lotka-Volterra competition equations,if $\alpha$ ₂₁ > 1,then

Joseph Connell discovered that Balanus barnacles were excluded from the upper intertidal zone by __,while Chthalamus barnacles were excluded from the middle intertidal zone by _.