Question 1

Ecotypes are local populations within a species that are genetically and phenotypically distinct due in part to local environmental adaptation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Phenotypic changes are always reflections of genotypic changes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

For thousands of years,humans have bred domesticated plants and animals to produce and maintain desirable traits,such as large fruits.Darwin used which term to describe this:

Accepted Answer

A) mutation. 
B) artificial selection. 
C) phenotypic plasticity. 
D) genetic engineering. 
E) natural selection. 
A) mutation. 
B) artificial selection. 
C) phenotypic plasticity. 
D) genetic engineering. 
E) natural selection. B

Question 4

The number of offspring contributed by an individual to future generations is called _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The number of offspring contributed by an...

Question 5

In a population of birds,the average beak size is selected against and the large and small sized beaks are selected for.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) directional selection. 
B) disruptive selection. 
C) stabilizing selection. 
D) natural selection. 
E) balanced polymorphism. 
A) directional selection. 
B) disruptive selection. 
C) stabilizing selection. 
D) natural selection. 
E) balanced polymorphism.

Question 6

Locally adapted and genetically distinctive populations within a species are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) heterotypes. 
B) metatypes. 
C) genotypes. 
D) ecotypes. 
E) allotypes. 
A) heterotypes. 
B) metatypes. 
C) genotypes. 
D) ecotypes. 
E) allotypes.

Question 7

The combination of genetics and environmental pressures can cause variations in phenotypes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Research on soapberry bugs (Jadera haematoloma)supports all of the following results except:

Accepted Answer

A) the soapberry bugs underwent developmental changes without genetic changes. 
B) beak length positively correlated with fruit diameter. 
C) genetic differences were observed between the populations in study. 
D) natural selection occurred. 
E) soapberry bugs underwent developmental changes without genetic changes and beak length positively correlated with fruit diameter. 
A) the soapberry bugs underwent developmental changes without genetic changes. 
B) beak length positively correlated with fruit diameter. 
C) genetic differences were observed between the populations in study. 
D) natural selection occurred. 
E) soapberry bugs underwent developmental changes without genetic changes and beak length positively correlated with fruit diameter.

Question 9

Over time,average phenotypes become less common and the population becomes phenotypically more diverse as a result of _____________ selection.

Accepted Answer

A) bimodal 
B) directional 
C) disruptive 
D) stabilizing 
E) disjointed 
A) bimodal 
B) directional 
C) disruptive 
D) stabilizing 
E) disjointed

Question 10

Adaptation to the environment by a population does not include

Accepted Answer

A) variation in characteristics among individuals in a population. 
B) evolution. 
C) improved ability to live in the environment. 
D) anatomy,physiology,and behavior. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) variation in characteristics among individuals in a population. 
B) evolution. 
C) improved ability to live in the environment. 
D) anatomy,physiology,and behavior. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following are conditions necessary to maintain Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A) no mutations 
B) large population 
C) equal fitness 
D) random mating 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) no mutations 
B) large population 
C) equal fitness 
D) random mating 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 12

Evolution can be defined as

Accepted Answer

A) a process which favors the average phenotype within a population. 
B) a process that increases the average size of individuals within a population. 
C) a process of eliminating "bad" traits within a population. 
D) a change in gene frequencies in a population. 
E) the extent to which phenotypic variation is due to genetic variation. 
A) a process which favors the average phenotype within a population. 
B) a process that increases the average size of individuals within a population. 
C) a process of eliminating "bad" traits within a population. 
D) a change in gene frequencies in a population. 
E) the extent to which phenotypic variation is due to genetic variation.

Question 13

Vila-Aiub and colleagues found that populations of the weed Sorghum halepense that have been persistently exposed to the herbicide,glyphosate,were not resistant to its effects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Within a population,if the average is selected for and the two opposing extremes are selected against,this is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) directional selection. 
B) disruptive selection. 
C) stabilizing selection. 
D) natural selection. 
E) balanced polymorphism. 
A) directional selection. 
B) disruptive selection. 
C) stabilizing selection. 
D) natural selection. 
E) balanced polymorphism.

Question 15

Evolution results from

Accepted Answer

A) mutations. 
B) natural selection. 
C) genetic drift. 
D) gene flow. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) mutations. 
B) natural selection. 
C) genetic drift. 
D) gene flow. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Egg size in Ural owls is highly heritable and is currently undergoing stabilizing selection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In a population of lizards,the average and long length tails are selected against and the short tails are selected for.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) directional selection. 
B) disruptive selection. 
C) stabilizing selection. 
D) natural selection. 
E) balanced polymorphism. 
A) directional selection. 
B) disruptive selection. 
C) stabilizing selection. 
D) natural selection. 
E) balanced polymorphism.

Question 18

Darwin is often considered the father of evolutionary thought.Which of the following terms is/are not part of Darwin's analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) gene frequencies 
B) natural selection 
C) adaptation 
D) fitness 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) gene frequencies 
B) natural selection 
C) adaptation 
D) fitness 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 19

The transplant experiment conducted on Potentilla glandulosa determined that morphological changes occurred,but no genetic changes occurred within the various experimental populations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The populations of Chihuahua spruce (Picea chihuahuana)have been fragmented due to changing climatic conditions.This has resulted in

Accepted Answer

A) stabilizing selection. 
B) large population sizes. 
C) an increase in genetic diversity within populations. 
D) genetic drift. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) stabilizing selection. 
B) large population sizes. 
C) an increase in genetic diversity within populations. 
D) genetic drift. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Exam 4: Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Ecotypes are local populations within a species that are genetically and phenotypically distinct due in part to local environmental adaptation.

Phenotypic changes are always reflections of genotypic changes.

For thousands of years,humans have bred domesticated plants and animals to produce and maintain desirable traits,such as large fruits.Darwin used which term to describe this:

The number of offspring contributed by an individual to future generations is called _________________.

In a population of birds,the average beak size is selected against and the large and small sized beaks are selected for.This is an example of

Locally adapted and genetically distinctive populations within a species are referred to as

The combination of genetics and environmental pressures can cause variations in phenotypes.

Research on soapberry bugs (Jadera haematoloma)supports all of the following results except:

Over time,average phenotypes become less common and the population becomes phenotypically more diverse as a result of _____________ selection.

Adaptation to the environment by a population does not include

Which of the following are conditions necessary to maintain Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Evolution can be defined as

Vila-Aiub and colleagues found that populations of the weed Sorghum halepense that have been persistently exposed to the herbicide,glyphosate,were not resistant to its effects.

Within a population,if the average is selected for and the two opposing extremes are selected against,this is an example of

Evolution results from

Egg size in Ural owls is highly heritable and is currently undergoing stabilizing selection.

In a population of lizards,the average and long length tails are selected against and the short tails are selected for.This is an example of

Darwin is often considered the father of evolutionary thought.Which of the following terms is/are not part of Darwin's analysis?

The transplant experiment conducted on Potentilla glandulosa determined that morphological changes occurred,but no genetic changes occurred within the various experimental populations.

The populations of Chihuahua spruce (Picea chihuahuana)have been fragmented due to changing climatic conditions.This has resulted in

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

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