Question 1

Robert MacArthur's study of forest warblers suggested that

Accepted Answer

A) fewer warbler species can survive in more complex habitats. 
B) warbler species diversity increases with habitat complexity. 
C) warbler species diversity decreases with habitat complexity. 
D) most warblers have rather similar foraging niches. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) fewer warbler species can survive in more complex habitats. 
B) warbler species diversity increases with habitat complexity. 
C) warbler species diversity decreases with habitat complexity. 
D) most warblers have rather similar foraging niches. 
E) None of the choices are correct. B

Question 2

Prairie dog disturbances maximize plant diversity

Accepted Answer

A) by burrowing and grazing. 
B) by creating patches open for dispersal. 
C) by allowing good competitors and good colonizers to coexist in the grassland. 
D) at intermediate levels. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) by burrowing and grazing. 
B) by creating patches open for dispersal. 
C) by allowing good competitors and good colonizers to coexist in the grassland. 
D) at intermediate levels. 
E) All of the choices are correct. E

Question 3

A simple tree community consists of 4 maples,3 oaks,and 1 alder.The Shannon-Wiener diversity of this community is

Accepted Answer

A) 0.42. 
B) 0.97. 
C) 1.5. 
D) 3. 
E) not possible to calculate from the data given. 
A) 0.42. 
B) 0.97. 
C) 1.5. 
D) 3. 
E) not possible to calculate from the data given. B

Question 4

Odegaard's study estimating the number of tropical forest beetles illustrates that sampling from multiple sites

Accepted Answer

A) is not affected by the sampling effort devoted to estimation. 
B) usually requires only limited effort by ecologists. 
C) can usually be made more easily by sampling only a single indicator taxon. 
D) is intensively all that is necessary to calculate species diversity. 
E) must,to be useful,be based on standardized sampling techniques. 
A) is not affected by the sampling effort devoted to estimation. 
B) usually requires only limited effort by ecologists. 
C) can usually be made more easily by sampling only a single indicator taxon. 
D) is intensively all that is necessary to calculate species diversity. 
E) must,to be useful,be based on standardized sampling techniques.

Question 5

Joseph Connell's "intermediate disturbance hypothesis" proposes that

Accepted Answer

A) species diversity is highest at intermediate frequencies of disturbance. 
B) species diversity is lowest at intermediate frequencies of disturbance. 
C) population growth rates are highest at intermediate frequencies of disturbance. 
D) competitive exclusion is fastest at intermediate levels of disturbance. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) species diversity is highest at intermediate frequencies of disturbance. 
B) species diversity is lowest at intermediate frequencies of disturbance. 
C) population growth rates are highest at intermediate frequencies of disturbance. 
D) competitive exclusion is fastest at intermediate levels of disturbance. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 6

The most serious human-caused threat to endangered species worldwide is

Accepted Answer

A) pollution. 
B) the introduction of invasive species. 
C) habitat destruction. 
D) the pet trade. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) pollution. 
B) the introduction of invasive species. 
C) habitat destruction. 
D) the pet trade. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Winter storms can affect diversity on intertidal boulders because

Accepted Answer

A) cold water temperatures kill algae and invertebrates. 
B) some invertebrates are more vulnerable than others to being dislodged by currents. 
C) dessication of exposed invertebrates by unusually high winds is an important source of mortality. 
D) strong storm waves overturn boulders and thereby accelerate competitive exclusion. 
E) strong storm waves overturn boulders and thereby remove competitive dominants. 
A) cold water temperatures kill algae and invertebrates. 
B) some invertebrates are more vulnerable than others to being dislodged by currents. 
C) dessication of exposed invertebrates by unusually high winds is an important source of mortality. 
D) strong storm waves overturn boulders and thereby accelerate competitive exclusion. 
E) strong storm waves overturn boulders and thereby remove competitive dominants.

Question 8

A community is defined as

Accepted Answer

A) a group of organisms that all make their living in a similar way. 
B) a group of individuals of a single species inhabiting a defined area. 
C) the portion of a defined area that supports life. 
D) a group of subpopulations living in separate locations with active exchange of individuals among subpopulations. 
E) an association of interacting species inhabiting a defined area. 
A) a group of organisms that all make their living in a similar way. 
B) a group of individuals of a single species inhabiting a defined area. 
C) the portion of a defined area that supports life. 
D) a group of subpopulations living in separate locations with active exchange of individuals among subpopulations. 
E) an association of interacting species inhabiting a defined area.

Question 9

In Leon Creek there are 5 species of fish.The species and the number of individuals in each species are as follows: 20 catfish,15 gar,12 large-mouth bass,10 perch,and 2 striped bass.Calculate the Shannon-Wiener index value (H')for this fish community.

Accepted Answer

A) -0.63 
B) 0.63 
C) 4.20 
D) 67.2 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) -0.63 
B) 0.63 
C) 4.20 
D) 67.2 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 10

Concentrations of inorganic nutrients typically don't vary much across the surface of a single lake.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A relatively discrete ecological event that kills or damages organisms or alters the physical or biological environment is called a __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A relatively discrete ecological event that kills...

Question 12

Niches of single-celled algae,such as diatoms,seem most often to be distinguished by their requirements for

Accepted Answer

A) different combinations of inorganic nutrients. 
B) different light environments. 
C) different water-flow environments. 
D) different water temperatures. 
E) Most single-celled algae have indistinguishable niches. 
A) different combinations of inorganic nutrients. 
B) different light environments. 
C) different water-flow environments. 
D) different water temperatures. 
E) Most single-celled algae have indistinguishable niches.

Question 13

In most ecological communities,we find

Accepted Answer

A) more rare species than moderately common or very common ones. 
B) more very common species than moderately common or rare ones. 
C) no rare species-apparently "rare" species are artifacts of incomplete sampling. 
D) roughly equal proportions of rare,moderately common,and very common species. 
E) more moderately common species than rare or very common ones. 
A) more rare species than moderately common or very common ones. 
B) more very common species than moderately common or rare ones. 
C) no rare species-apparently "rare" species are artifacts of incomplete sampling. 
D) roughly equal proportions of rare,moderately common,and very common species. 
E) more moderately common species than rare or very common ones.

Question 14

Higher species evenness in a community can be measured by a shallower slope on a rank-abundance curve.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A set of species that have similar ways of making their living make up a __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A set of species that have similar...

Question 16

Given two habitats,Habitat 1 and Habitat 2,which habitat would have greater species diversity? Habitat 1: Species A,10; Species B,10; Species C,10
Habitat 2: Species A,10; Species B,10; Species C,10; Species D,10; Species E,10

Accepted Answer

A) Habitat 1 
B) Habitat 2 
C) neither; Habitat 1 and Habitat 2 have equal diversity 
D) neither; Habitat 1 and Habitat 2 have equal species richness 
E) neither; Habitat 1 and Habitat 2 have equal species evenness 
A) Habitat 1 
B) Habitat 2 
C) neither; Habitat 1 and Habitat 2 have equal diversity 
D) neither; Habitat 1 and Habitat 2 have equal species richness 
E) neither; Habitat 1 and Habitat 2 have equal species evenness

Question 17

In soil and water fertilization experiments,increasing fertilization tends to reduce the number of limiting resources for plant growth until a single resource limits growth of all species.This "ultimate" limiting resource tends to be

Accepted Answer

A) carbon. 
B) oxygen. 
C) phosphorus. 
D) nitrogen. 
E) light. 
A) carbon. 
B) oxygen. 
C) phosphorus. 
D) nitrogen. 
E) light.

Question 18

Disturbances can alter a community's stable environmental conditions,also called its

Accepted Answer

A) frequency. 
B) intensity. 
C) heterogeneity. 
D) equilibrium. 
E) niche space. 
A) frequency. 
B) intensity. 
C) heterogeneity. 
D) equilibrium. 
E) niche space.

Question 19

In both northern California and southwestern Ohio,the greatest number of bird species was found

Accepted Answer

A) in urban centers. 
B) in golf courses. 
C) in rural areas. 
D) in urban centers and rural areas but not in areas of intermediate land use intensity. 
E) Bird species richness did not vary along gradients of land use intensity. 
A) in urban centers. 
B) in golf courses. 
C) in rural areas. 
D) in urban centers and rural areas but not in areas of intermediate land use intensity. 
E) Bird species richness did not vary along gradients of land use intensity.

Question 20

Urban centers tend to

Accepted Answer

A) be devoid of wildlife. 
B) harbor rare species that can't survive elsewhere. 
C) have higher species diversity than natural woodlands. 
D) have more widespread,generalist species than natural woodlands. 
E) have higher species richness than natural woodlands. 
A) be devoid of wildlife. 
B) harbor rare species that can't survive elsewhere. 
C) have higher species diversity than natural woodlands. 
D) have more widespread,generalist species than natural woodlands. 
E) have higher species richness than natural woodlands.

Exam 16: Species Abundance and Diversity

Robert MacArthur's study of forest warblers suggested that

Prairie dog disturbances maximize plant diversity

A simple tree community consists of 4 maples,3 oaks,and 1 alder.The Shannon-Wiener diversity of this community is

Odegaard's study estimating the number of tropical forest beetles illustrates that sampling from multiple sites

Joseph Connell's "intermediate disturbance hypothesis" proposes that

The most serious human-caused threat to endangered species worldwide is

Winter storms can affect diversity on intertidal boulders because

A community is defined as

In Leon Creek there are 5 species of fish.The species and the number of individuals in each species are as follows: 20 catfish,15 gar,12 large-mouth bass,10 perch,and 2 striped bass.Calculate the Shannon-Wiener index value (H')for this fish community.

Concentrations of inorganic nutrients typically don't vary much across the surface of a single lake.

A relatively discrete ecological event that kills or damages organisms or alters the physical or biological environment is called a __________.

Niches of single-celled algae,such as diatoms,seem most often to be distinguished by their requirements for

In most ecological communities,we find

Higher species evenness in a community can be measured by a shallower slope on a rank-abundance curve.

A set of species that have similar ways of making their living make up a __________.

Given two habitats,Habitat 1 and Habitat 2,which habitat would have greater species diversity? Habitat 1: Species A,10; Species B,10; Species C,10 Habitat 2: Species A,10; Species B,10; Species C,10; Species D,10; Species E,10

In soil and water fertilization experiments,increasing fertilization tends to reduce the number of limiting resources for plant growth until a single resource limits growth of all species.This "ultimate" limiting resource tends to be

Disturbances can alter a community's stable environmental conditions,also called its

In both northern California and southwestern Ohio,the greatest number of bird species was found

Urban centers tend to

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

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