Question 1

In a single strand of DNA, what fraction of the nucleotides in a molecule are cytosine and thymine (% C and % T added together)?

Accepted Answer

A)  25% 
B)  75% 
C)  50% 
D)  100% 
E)  It depends on the DNA sequence 
A)  25% 
B)  75% 
C)  50% 
D)  100% 
E)  It depends on the DNA sequence

Question 2

Describe the DNA helix structure proposed by Watson and Crick. What is the diameter of the helix and the distance between bases? What types of bonds are involved in stabilizing the DNA backbone, and what types of bonds are found between complementary base pairs? Why would a sequence containing high concentrations of G and C require more energy to break the bonds?

Accepted Answer

The DNA model contains two DNA polymer s

Question 3

If complementary DNA strands were arranged in a parallel manner, what would you expect to see?

Accepted Answer

A)  The phosphodiester backbones would be too close and repel one another. 
B)  There would be no discernable difference between DNA strands aligned in a parallel versus an antiparallel manner. 
C)  Complementary nucleotides would line up normally; but fewer hydrogen bonds would form, so the strands could be more easily pulled apart. 
D)  Some regions of the two strands may form atypical hydrogen bonds, but the overall structure of the two DNA strands would not be stable. 
E)  Complementary nucleotides would be attracted to each other, forming ionic bonds that would make the helix stable but not uniform in width. 
A)  The phosphodiester backbones would be too close and repel one another. 
B)  There would be no discernable difference between DNA strands aligned in a parallel versus an antiparallel manner. 
C)  Complementary nucleotides would line up normally; but fewer hydrogen bonds would form, so the strands could be more easily pulled apart. 
D)  Some regions of the two strands may form atypical hydrogen bonds, but the overall structure of the two DNA strands would not be stable. 
E)  Complementary nucleotides would be attracted to each other, forming ionic bonds that would make the helix stable but not uniform in width.

Question 4

Why are leading and lagging strand primers removed rather than joined with Okazaki fragments?

Accepted Answer

A)  They lack the 3' OH that would permit them to be covalently linked to the Okazaki fragments. 
B)  The primers do not hydrogen bond to the template strand correctly. 
C)  They contain nucleotides with 2'OH groups, and are targeted for excision by DNA Polymerase. 
D)  They have to be removed for leading and lagging strand synthesis to begin. 
E)  Primers are too short to efficiently bind to Okazaki fragments. 
A)  They lack the 3' OH that would permit them to be covalently linked to the Okazaki fragments. 
B)  The primers do not hydrogen bond to the template strand correctly. 
C)  They contain nucleotides with 2'OH groups, and are targeted for excision by DNA Polymerase. 
D)  They have to be removed for leading and lagging strand synthesis to begin. 
E)  Primers are too short to efficiently bind to Okazaki fragments.

Question 5

DNA helicase inhibitors are well studied as potential drug targets. What would you expect to see if DNA helicase activity is inhibited?

Accepted Answer

A)  Helicase prevents reannealing of the separated strands, so strands would quickly reanneal and DNA replication cannot proceed. 
B)  The DNA cannot bend, so hydrogen bonds in the 13- mer region of oriC remain intact. 
C)  Helicase carries the SSB protein to the open region of DNA, so hydrolysis and strand separation will not occur. 
D)  Helicase catalyzes ATP hydrolysis and DNA strands separation, so the helix cannot be unwound and strands will not separate. 
E)  The replisome complex would not assemble on the oriC region. 
A)  Helicase prevents reannealing of the separated strands, so strands would quickly reanneal and DNA replication cannot proceed. 
B)  The DNA cannot bend, so hydrogen bonds in the 13- mer region of oriC remain intact. 
C)  Helicase carries the SSB protein to the open region of DNA, so hydrolysis and strand separation will not occur. 
D)  Helicase catalyzes ATP hydrolysis and DNA strands separation, so the helix cannot be unwound and strands will not separate. 
E)  The replisome complex would not assemble on the oriC region.

Question 6

How might you choose a region of DNA for a PCR primer so as to increase the temperature necessary for primer annealing (to minimize nonspecific PCR products)?

Accepted Answer

look for h

Question 7

What did Okazaki's discovery of the short segments of DNA reveal about DNA replication on the lagging strand?

Accepted Answer

It is disc

Question 8

The major and minor grooves of DNA are features of the helix that can be attributed to________, which involves tight packing of DNA bases in a duplex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The major and minor grooves of DNA...

Question 9

Many antibacterial agents and chemotherapy agents act as topoisomerase inhibitors. Why would inhibition of topoisomerase cause cell death in bacterial and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

During DNA replication, as DNA strands u

Question 10

_______must be added to a PCR to direct the polymerase where to begin synthesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______must be added to a PCR to...

Question 11

What is one difference between DNA replication in bacteria versus eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacterial chromosomes are replicated bi- directionally, while eukaryotic chromosomes are replicated in one direction. 
B)  The process is identical in bacterial and eukaryotic DNA replication. 
C)  Eukaryotic chromosomes have many origins of replication, while bacteria have only one origin of replication. 
D)  Eukaryotic chromosomes are replicated bi- directionally, while bacterial chromosomes are replicated in one direction. 
E)  Eukaryotic chromosomes have many origins of replication and replicate bi- directionally, while bacteria have only one origin of replication and replicate uni- directionally. 
A)  Bacterial chromosomes are replicated bi- directionally, while eukaryotic chromosomes are replicated in one direction. 
B)  The process is identical in bacterial and eukaryotic DNA replication. 
C)  Eukaryotic chromosomes have many origins of replication, while bacteria have only one origin of replication. 
D)  Eukaryotic chromosomes are replicated bi- directionally, while bacterial chromosomes are replicated in one direction. 
E)  Eukaryotic chromosomes have many origins of replication and replicate bi- directionally, while bacteria have only one origin of replication and replicate uni- directionally.

Question 12

The large, complex aggregation of proteins and enzymes that assembles at the replication fork is known as the_______ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The large, complex aggregation of proteins and...

Question 13

What is the DNA replication fork?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the DNA strand that wraps around DNA polymerase and serves as the template for the lagging strand. 
B)  It is the site where the DNA helix opens to two single DNA strands. 
C)  It is the site where the leading and lagging strands meet on chromosome. 
D)  It is the DNA bound inside the DNA polymerase active site. 
E)  It is the binding site on the chromosome for DNA polymerase. 
A)  It is the DNA strand that wraps around DNA polymerase and serves as the template for the lagging strand. 
B)  It is the site where the DNA helix opens to two single DNA strands. 
C)  It is the site where the leading and lagging strands meet on chromosome. 
D)  It is the DNA bound inside the DNA polymerase active site. 
E)  It is the binding site on the chromosome for DNA polymerase.

Question 14

In their famous experiment, which of the following would Meselson and Stahl have observed after one cycle of replication in 14N medium if DNA replication were CONSERVATIVE?

Accepted Answer

A)  An equal number of DNA molecules containing two 15N- DNA strands and DNA molecules containing two 14N- DNA strands 
B)  DNA molecules containing one strand of 15N- DNA and one strand of 14N- DNA 
C)  A mix of DNA molecules corresponding to A and B 
D)  DNA molecules containing two 15N- DNA strands only 
E)  DNA molecules containing two 14N- DNA strands only 
A)  An equal number of DNA molecules containing two 15N- DNA strands and DNA molecules containing two 14N- DNA strands 
B)  DNA molecules containing one strand of 15N- DNA and one strand of 14N- DNA 
C)  A mix of DNA molecules corresponding to A and B 
D)  DNA molecules containing two 15N- DNA strands only 
E)  DNA molecules containing two 14N- DNA strands only

Question 15

What are the regions where DNA- binding proteins can make direct contact with exposed nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

major and

Question 16

If Single- Stranded Binding protein (SSB) is NOT present during DNA replication, what would you expect to see?

Accepted Answer

A)  The replisome complex would not assemble on the oriC region. 
B)  SSB carries the helicase protein to the open region of DNA, so hydrolysis and strand separation will not occur. 
C)  Helicase activity is inhibited, so DNA strands cannot be separated. 
D)  SSB prevents reannealing of the separated strands, so strands would quickly reanneal and DNA replication cannot proceed. 
E)  The DNA cannot bend, so hydrogen bonds in the 13- mer region of oriC remain intact. 
A)  The replisome complex would not assemble on the oriC region. 
B)  SSB carries the helicase protein to the open region of DNA, so hydrolysis and strand separation will not occur. 
C)  Helicase activity is inhibited, so DNA strands cannot be separated. 
D)  SSB prevents reannealing of the separated strands, so strands would quickly reanneal and DNA replication cannot proceed. 
E)  The DNA cannot bend, so hydrogen bonds in the 13- mer region of oriC remain intact.

Question 17

What types of bonds are formed between complementary DNA bases?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphodiester bonds 
B)  ionic bonds 
C)  hydrogen bonds 
D)  covalent bonds 
E)  glycosidic bonds 
A)  phosphodiester bonds 
B)  ionic bonds 
C)  hydrogen bonds 
D)  covalent bonds 
E)  glycosidic bonds

Question 18

What is the difference between a ribonucleic acid and a deoxyribonucleic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deoxyribonucleic acids have a 2'H instead of the 2'OH found in ribonucleic acids. 
B)  Deoxyribonucleic acids are used to build nucleic acid strands, while ribonucleic acids are used exclusively in enzymatic reactions. 
C)  Ribonucleic acids have a 3'OH, while deoxyribonucleic acids have a 3'H. 
D)  Deoxyribonucleic acids have fewer oxygen groups and so are found only in monophosphate form in the cell, while ribonucleic acids have more oxygen groups and are found only in triphosphate forms. 
E)  Ribonucleic acid include A, T, G, and C, while deoxyribonucleic acids include A, U, G, and C. 
A)  Deoxyribonucleic acids have a 2'H instead of the 2'OH found in ribonucleic acids. 
B)  Deoxyribonucleic acids are used to build nucleic acid strands, while ribonucleic acids are used exclusively in enzymatic reactions. 
C)  Ribonucleic acids have a 3'OH, while deoxyribonucleic acids have a 3'H. 
D)  Deoxyribonucleic acids have fewer oxygen groups and so are found only in monophosphate form in the cell, while ribonucleic acids have more oxygen groups and are found only in triphosphate forms. 
E)  Ribonucleic acid include A, T, G, and C, while deoxyribonucleic acids include A, U, G, and C.

Question 19

Which of the following would you find in a Sanger sequencing reaction but not in a polymerase chain reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  dNTPs 
B)  DNA primer 
C)  DNA polymerase 
D)  DNA template 
E)  ddNTPs 
A)  dNTPs 
B)  DNA primer 
C)  DNA polymerase 
D)  DNA template 
E)  ddNTPs

Question 20

What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

deoxyribos

In a single strand of DNA, what fraction of the nucleotides in a molecule are cytosine and thymine (% C and % T added together)?

If complementary DNA strands were arranged in a parallel manner, what would you expect to see?

Why are leading and lagging strand primers removed rather than joined with Okazaki fragments?

DNA helicase inhibitors are well studied as potential drug targets. What would you expect to see if DNA helicase activity is inhibited?

How might you choose a region of DNA for a PCR primer so as to increase the temperature necessary for primer annealing (to minimize nonspecific PCR products)?

What did Okazaki's discovery of the short segments of DNA reveal about DNA replication on the lagging strand?

The major and minor grooves of DNA are features of the helix that can be attributed to________, which involves tight packing of DNA bases in a duplex.

Many antibacterial agents and chemotherapy agents act as topoisomerase inhibitors. Why would inhibition of topoisomerase cause cell death in bacterial and eukaryotic cells?

_______must be added to a PCR to direct the polymerase where to begin synthesis.

What is one difference between DNA replication in bacteria versus eukaryotes?

The large, complex aggregation of proteins and enzymes that assembles at the replication fork is known as the_______ .

What is the DNA replication fork?

In their famous experiment, which of the following would Meselson and Stahl have observed after one cycle of replication in 14N medium if DNA replication were CONSERVATIVE?

What are the regions where DNA- binding proteins can make direct contact with exposed nucleotides?

If Single- Stranded Binding protein (SSB) is NOT present during DNA replication, what would you expect to see?

What types of bonds are formed between complementary DNA bases?

What is the difference between a ribonucleic acid and a deoxyribonucleic acid?

Which of the following would you find in a Sanger sequencing reaction but not in a polymerase chain reaction?

What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide?

The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Transmission Genetics

Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Inheritance Patterns of Single Genes and Gene Interaction

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

Molecular Biology of Transcription and Rna Processing

The Molecular Biology of Translation

Chromosome Chapter Title Tbd

Gene Mutation, Dna Repair, and Homologous Recombination

Chromosome Chapter Title Tbd

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analysis of Gene Function by Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology and Its Applications

Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits

Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels

Filters

Exam 7: Dna Structure and Replication

In a single strand of DNA, what fraction of the nucleotides in a molecule are cytosine and thymine (% C and % T added together)?

If complementary DNA strands were arranged in a parallel manner, what would you expect to see?

Why are leading and lagging strand primers removed rather than joined with Okazaki fragments?

DNA helicase inhibitors are well studied as potential drug targets. What would you expect to see if DNA helicase activity is inhibited?

How might you choose a region of DNA for a PCR primer so as to increase the temperature necessary for primer annealing (to minimize nonspecific PCR products)?

What did Okazaki's discovery of the short segments of DNA reveal about DNA replication on the lagging strand?

The major and minor grooves of DNA are features of the helix that can be attributed to________, which involves tight packing of DNA bases in a duplex.

Many antibacterial agents and chemotherapy agents act as topoisomerase inhibitors. Why would inhibition of topoisomerase cause cell death in bacterial and eukaryotic cells?

_______must be added to a PCR to direct the polymerase where to begin synthesis.

What is one difference between DNA replication in bacteria versus eukaryotes?

The large, complex aggregation of proteins and enzymes that assembles at the replication fork is known as the_______ .

What is the DNA replication fork?

In their famous experiment, which of the following would Meselson and Stahl have observed after one cycle of replication in 14N medium if DNA replication were CONSERVATIVE?

What are the regions where DNA- binding proteins can make direct contact with exposed nucleotides?

If Single- Stranded Binding protein (SSB) is NOT present during DNA replication, what would you expect to see?

What types of bonds are formed between complementary DNA bases?

What is the difference between a ribonucleic acid and a deoxyribonucleic acid?

Which of the following would you find in a Sanger sequencing reaction but not in a polymerase chain reaction?

What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide?

The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Transmission Genetics

Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Inheritance Patterns of Single Genes and Gene Interaction

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

Molecular Biology of Transcription and Rna Processing

The Molecular Biology of Translation

Chromosome Chapter Title Tbd

Gene Mutation, Dna Repair, and Homologous Recombination

Chromosome Chapter Title Tbd

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analysis of Gene Function by Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology and Its Applications

Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits

Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels

Filters