Question 1

Of the following stimuli,which would be most likely to attract a neonate's visual attention?

Accepted Answer

A)  a random display of red, white, and yellow disks 
B)  a simple pattern 
C)  a human face 
D)  a bull's-eye pattern 
A)  a random display of red, white, and yellow disks 
B)  a simple pattern 
C)  a human face 
D)  a bull's-eye pattern

Question 2

Which of the following statements best characterizes how Gibson viewed a child's learning of distinctive features?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is something children need to be taught. 
B)  It is an intrinsically motivated process. 
C)  It requires external reinforcement. 
D)  It involves imposing our knowledge on our sensory experience. 
A)  It is something children need to be taught. 
B)  It is an intrinsically motivated process. 
C)  It requires external reinforcement. 
D)  It involves imposing our knowledge on our sensory experience.

Question 3

Which of the following solutions do both full-term and premature babies prefer?

Accepted Answer

A)  those that taste sweet 
B)  those that have a taste that matches their odour 
C)  those that taste salty 
D)  those that are flavourless 
A)  those that taste sweet 
B)  those that have a taste that matches their odour 
C)  those that taste salty 
D)  those that are flavourless

Question 4

Pavlov is said to have trained a dog to salivate to the sound of a bell that rang just before food was delivered.
-In this example,what is the sound of the bell?

Accepted Answer

A)  an unconditioned stimulus 
B)  a conditioned stimulus 
C)  a conditioned response 
D)  an unconditioned response 
A)  an unconditioned stimulus 
B)  a conditioned stimulus 
C)  a conditioned response 
D)  an unconditioned response

Question 5

Which feature is least likely to attract the attention of an infant?

Accepted Answer

A)  complex form 
B)  limited colour range 
C)  curvature 
D)  high-contrast image 
A)  complex form 
B)  limited colour range 
C)  curvature 
D)  high-contrast image

Question 6

What developmental outcome is correlated with rapid habituation in infancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  These children will be quicker to understand and use language during the second year. 
B)  These children will typically score lower on standardized intelligence tests later in childhood. 
C)  These children are more apt to be bored and to have poor social skills in adolescence. 
D)  These children will have adequate development of language skills but will have poor social skills throughout childhood. 
A)  These children will be quicker to understand and use language during the second year. 
B)  These children will typically score lower on standardized intelligence tests later in childhood. 
C)  These children are more apt to be bored and to have poor social skills in adolescence. 
D)  These children will have adequate development of language skills but will have poor social skills throughout childhood.

Question 7

Pavlov is said to have trained a dog to salivate to the sound of a bell that rang just before food was delivered.
-In this example,what is the food?

Accepted Answer

A)  an unconditioned stimulus 
B)  a conditioned stimulus 
C)  a conditioned response 
D)  an unconditioned response 
A)  an unconditioned stimulus 
B)  a conditioned stimulus 
C)  a conditioned response 
D)  an unconditioned response

Question 8

A change in behaviour that is attributable to one's environment and is relatively permanent meets Domjan's definition of which of the following developmental processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  development 
B)  maturation 
C)  learning 
D)  information processing 
A)  development 
B)  maturation 
C)  learning 
D)  information processing

Question 9

While blindfolded,a person feels the various surfaces of an object and correctly identifies it as a file for smoothing wood.What perceptual process accounts for this ability?

Accepted Answer

A)  object literacy 
B)  intermodal perception 
C)  imagined optic flow 
D)  horoptical fusion 
A)  object literacy 
B)  intermodal perception 
C)  imagined optic flow 
D)  horoptical fusion

Question 10

Vincent wanted his daughter to make her bed every morning before she left for school,so he gave her a quarter every time she did.Now his daughter makes her bed every morning as soon as she gets up.In this case,what did the quarters represent with respect to her bed-making behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  a negative reinforcer 
B)  a conditioned stimulus 
C)  an unconditioned stimulus 
D)  a positive reinforcer 
A)  a negative reinforcer 
B)  a conditioned stimulus 
C)  an unconditioned stimulus 
D)  a positive reinforcer

Question 11

What is the goal of the information-processing approach to disciplinary punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  to generate tremendous fear in the child's mind 
B)  to appeal to the child's conscience to feel guilty 
C)  to encourage the child to be motivated to behave properly 
D)  to eliminate the possibility that the mischief can succeed 
A)  to generate tremendous fear in the child's mind 
B)  to appeal to the child's conscience to feel guilty 
C)  to encourage the child to be motivated to behave properly 
D)  to eliminate the possibility that the mischief can succeed

Question 12

What is the term for any event or stimulus that increases the frequency of the behaviour that it follows?

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus 
B)  punisher 
C)  reinforcer 
D)  unconditioned stimulus 
A)  conditioned stimulus 
B)  punisher 
C)  reinforcer 
D)  unconditioned stimulus

Question 13

When are neonates most likely to show classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  when they are awake but drowsy and relaxed 
B)  when the time between the CS and UCS is lengthened 
C)  when the UCS is presented before the CS 
D)  as soon as they have lost their primitive reflexes 
A)  when they are awake but drowsy and relaxed 
B)  when the time between the CS and UCS is lengthened 
C)  when the UCS is presented before the CS 
D)  as soon as they have lost their primitive reflexes

Question 14

Describe the negative side effects that have been found to be associated with severe punishments,and then describe two nonaversive punishment strategies.

Accepted Answer

Use of aversive controls,when improperly

Question 15

It has been found that preterm infants do not begin to blink when an object looms at them until several weeks after full-term infants do.Based on current research,what accounts for this effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  stereopsis 
B)  maturation 
C)  fetal experience 
D)  motivation 
A)  stereopsis 
B)  maturation 
C)  fetal experience 
D)  motivation

Question 16

What is the term for any event or stimulus that decreases the frequency of the behaviour that it follows?

Accepted Answer

A)  a punisher 
B)  a conditioned stimulus 
C)  a reinforcer 
D)  an unconditioned stimulus 
A)  a punisher 
B)  a conditioned stimulus 
C)  a reinforcer 
D)  an unconditioned stimulus

Question 17

How does Gibson's work help to explain the progress of reading skills in young children?

Accepted Answer

Gibson's work helps to explain the progr

Question 18

Based on the results of research studies that have used the preference method,which of the following stimuli are infants most likely to prefer?

Accepted Answer

A)  familiar rather than novel 
B)  novel rather than familiar 
C)  stimuli presented to their right visual field 
D)  stimuli presented to their left visual field 
A)  familiar rather than novel 
B)  novel rather than familiar 
C)  stimuli presented to their right visual field 
D)  stimuli presented to their left visual field

Question 19

When you become bored because your surroundings remain stable over time,which type of learning are you demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  habituation 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  habituation

Question 20

Which type of learning is characterized by a new response emerging after seeing others perform that same response?

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  observational learning 
A)  habituation 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  observational learning

Of the following stimuli,which would be most likely to attract a neonate's visual attention?

Which of the following statements best characterizes how Gibson viewed a child's learning of distinctive features?

Which of the following solutions do both full-term and premature babies prefer?

Pavlov is said to have trained a dog to salivate to the sound of a bell that rang just before food was delivered. -In this example,what is the sound of the bell?

Which feature is least likely to attract the attention of an infant?

What developmental outcome is correlated with rapid habituation in infancy?

Pavlov is said to have trained a dog to salivate to the sound of a bell that rang just before food was delivered. -In this example,what is the food?

A change in behaviour that is attributable to one's environment and is relatively permanent meets Domjan's definition of which of the following developmental processes?

While blindfolded,a person feels the various surfaces of an object and correctly identifies it as a file for smoothing wood.What perceptual process accounts for this ability?

Vincent wanted his daughter to make her bed every morning before she left for school,so he gave her a quarter every time she did.Now his daughter makes her bed every morning as soon as she gets up.In this case,what did the quarters represent with respect to her bed-making behaviour?

What is the goal of the information-processing approach to disciplinary punishment?

What is the term for any event or stimulus that increases the frequency of the behaviour that it follows?

When are neonates most likely to show classical conditioning?

Describe the negative side effects that have been found to be associated with severe punishments,and then describe two nonaversive punishment strategies.

It has been found that preterm infants do not begin to blink when an object looms at them until several weeks after full-term infants do.Based on current research,what accounts for this effect?

What is the term for any event or stimulus that decreases the frequency of the behaviour that it follows?

How does Gibson's work help to explain the progress of reading skills in young children?

Based on the results of research studies that have used the preference method,which of the following stimuli are infants most likely to prefer?

When you become bored because your surroundings remain stable over time,which type of learning are you demonstrating?

Which type of learning is characterized by a new response emerging after seeing others perform that same response?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development

Cognitive Development

Cognitive Development

Intelligence

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development,temperament,and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities,gender-Role Development,and Sexual Behavior

Moral Development,altruism,and Aggression

The Family

Extrafamilial Influences

Filters

Exam 7: Early Cognitive Foundations

Of the following stimuli,which would be most likely to attract a neonate's visual attention?

Which of the following statements best characterizes how Gibson viewed a child's learning of distinctive features?

Which of the following solutions do both full-term and premature babies prefer?

Pavlov is said to have trained a dog to salivate to the sound of a bell that rang just before food was delivered. -In this example,what is the sound of the bell?

Which feature is least likely to attract the attention of an infant?

What developmental outcome is correlated with rapid habituation in infancy?

Pavlov is said to have trained a dog to salivate to the sound of a bell that rang just before food was delivered. -In this example,what is the food?

A change in behaviour that is attributable to one's environment and is relatively permanent meets Domjan's definition of which of the following developmental processes?

While blindfolded,a person feels the various surfaces of an object and correctly identifies it as a file for smoothing wood.What perceptual process accounts for this ability?

Vincent wanted his daughter to make her bed every morning before she left for school,so he gave her a quarter every time she did.Now his daughter makes her bed every morning as soon as she gets up.In this case,what did the quarters represent with respect to her bed-making behaviour?

What is the goal of the information-processing approach to disciplinary punishment?

What is the term for any event or stimulus that increases the frequency of the behaviour that it follows?

When are neonates most likely to show classical conditioning?

Describe the negative side effects that have been found to be associated with severe punishments,and then describe two nonaversive punishment strategies.

It has been found that preterm infants do not begin to blink when an object looms at them until several weeks after full-term infants do.Based on current research,what accounts for this effect?

What is the term for any event or stimulus that decreases the frequency of the behaviour that it follows?

How does Gibson's work help to explain the progress of reading skills in young children?

Based on the results of research studies that have used the preference method,which of the following stimuli are infants most likely to prefer?

When you become bored because your surroundings remain stable over time,which type of learning are you demonstrating?

Which type of learning is characterized by a new response emerging after seeing others perform that same response?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development

Cognitive Development

Cognitive Development

Intelligence

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development,temperament,and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities,gender-Role Development,and Sexual Behavior

Moral Development,altruism,and Aggression

The Family

Extrafamilial Influences

Filters