Question 1

Which of the following best characterizes the phenomenon of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  changing the frequency of a behaviour that is already in the individual's repertoire 
B)  ceasing to respond to repeated presentations of a stimulus 
C)  a neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a response that is normally elicited by another stimulus 
D)  the gradual weakening and disappearance of any learned response 
A)  changing the frequency of a behaviour that is already in the individual's repertoire 
B)  ceasing to respond to repeated presentations of a stimulus 
C)  a neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a response that is normally elicited by another stimulus 
D)  the gradual weakening and disappearance of any learned response

Question 2

Based upon the research of Kellman and Spelke,under what circumstances do 4-month-old infants infer "wholeness" of a partially hidden object?

Accepted Answer

A)  when it can be touched by the infant 
B)  when it is moving 
C)  when it is stationary 
D)  when it is brightly coloured and very salient 
A)  when it can be touched by the infant 
B)  when it is moving 
C)  when it is stationary 
D)  when it is brightly coloured and very salient

Question 3

Explain how operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning.Provide an example that illustrates your explanation.

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning differs from classi

Question 4

In what way are the evoked potential method and the habituation method similar?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both use the psychophysiological recording of brain waves. 
B)  Both methods tell whether the infant notices stimulus differences. 
C)  Both methods are applicable only to infants, not to older persons. 
D)  Both methods avoid the use of equipment. 
A)  Both use the psychophysiological recording of brain waves. 
B)  Both methods tell whether the infant notices stimulus differences. 
C)  Both methods are applicable only to infants, not to older persons. 
D)  Both methods avoid the use of equipment.

Question 5

Describe the development of form perception from birth to 1 year of age.

Accepted Answer

Form perception is the ability to recogn

Question 6

Which statement best summarizes the findings of the cross-cultural research conducted by Lynch and his associates regarding auditory perception of musical melodies in 6-month-old American infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  They could detect mistuned notes in either a Western or a Javanese melody. 
B)  They could detect mistuned notes in a Western melody but not in a Javanese melody. 
C)  They could detect mistuned notes in a Javanese melody but not in a Western melody. 
D)  They could not detect mistuned notes in either melody, but if the notes were in tune they detected the Western melody more rapidly. 
A)  They could detect mistuned notes in either a Western or a Javanese melody. 
B)  They could detect mistuned notes in a Western melody but not in a Javanese melody. 
C)  They could detect mistuned notes in a Javanese melody but not in a Western melody. 
D)  They could not detect mistuned notes in either melody, but if the notes were in tune they detected the Western melody more rapidly.

Question 7

Identify one common ear infection among infants and preschool children,and discuss the long-term consequences of recurring ear infections for cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify one common ear infection among infants...

Question 8

For punishment to be effective,what should it be?

Accepted Answer

A)  unexpected 
B)  consistent 
C)  postponed 
D)  physical 
A)  unexpected 
B)  consistent 
C)  postponed 
D)  physical

Question 9

Which of the following statements best summarizes the view of enrichment theorists regarding objective reality and perceptual development?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no objective reality; all perception is socially constructed. 
B)  There is an objective reality, and we must interpret that reality using our cognitive schemes. 
C)  There is an objective reality that requires no interpretation because it is the same for everyone. 
D)  There is no objective reality, but our cognitions allow us to interpret our sensations to create our own reality. 
A)  There is no objective reality; all perception is socially constructed. 
B)  There is an objective reality, and we must interpret that reality using our cognitive schemes. 
C)  There is an objective reality that requires no interpretation because it is the same for everyone. 
D)  There is no objective reality, but our cognitions allow us to interpret our sensations to create our own reality.

Question 10

Do you believe that enrichment or differentiation theory best explains the development of intermodal perception? Justify your answer.

Accepted Answer

Enrichment theory best explains the deve

Question 11

Which statement is the best description of negative punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  The removal of a stimulus following a response increases the likelihood of the response occurring again. 
B)  The presentation of a stimulus following a response increases the likelihood of the response occurring again. 
C)  The removal of a stimulus following a response decreases the likelihood of the response occurring again. 
D)  The presentation of a stimulus following a response decreases the likelihood of the response occurring again. 
A)  The removal of a stimulus following a response increases the likelihood of the response occurring again. 
B)  The presentation of a stimulus following a response increases the likelihood of the response occurring again. 
C)  The removal of a stimulus following a response decreases the likelihood of the response occurring again. 
D)  The presentation of a stimulus following a response decreases the likelihood of the response occurring again.

Question 12

Describe a newborn's gustatory (taste)and olfactory (smell)capabilities.

Accepted Answer

Newborns have a well-developed sense of

Question 13

If researchers find that experience and environmental influences are critical to perceptual learning,which theory of perceptual development is supported?

Accepted Answer

A)  nativist 
B)  differentiation 
C)  enrichment 
D)  psychobiological 
A)  nativist 
B)  differentiation 
C)  enrichment 
D)  psychobiological

Question 14

Lisette is 6,Julia is 10,and Jacqueline is 14.They were all shown pictures of two girls with common external facial contours,but different internal features such as the shape of the lips and the eyes.Based on Daphne Maurer's research,which child would you expect detect differences between the two pictures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lisette, Julia, and Jacqueline would be able to tell you that the girls were different. 
B)  Lisette, but not Julia or Jacqueline, would be able to tell you that the girls were different. 
C)  Jacqueline, but not Lisette or Julia, would be able to tell you that the girls were different. 
D)  Jacqueline and Julia, but not Lisette, would be able to tell you that the girls were different. 
A)  Lisette, Julia, and Jacqueline would be able to tell you that the girls were different. 
B)  Lisette, but not Julia or Jacqueline, would be able to tell you that the girls were different. 
C)  Jacqueline, but not Lisette or Julia, would be able to tell you that the girls were different. 
D)  Jacqueline and Julia, but not Lisette, would be able to tell you that the girls were different.

Question 15

According to Gibson,what cognitive process has a child acquired when he or she learns to attend to the perceptual qualities of different letters?

Accepted Answer

A)  perception of patterns 
B)  identification of distinctive features 
C)  cross-modality transfer 
D)  enrichment of new sensory information by drawing on stored knowledge 
A)  perception of patterns 
B)  identification of distinctive features 
C)  cross-modality transfer 
D)  enrichment of new sensory information by drawing on stored knowledge

Question 16

Depth cue abilities emerge at different ages.What is the correct developmental sequence for these depth cue categories,from youngest to oldest?

Accepted Answer

A)  pictorial cues/binocular cues/kinetic cues 
B)  pictorial cues/kinetic cues/binocular cues 
C)  binocular cues/pictorial cues/kinetic cues 
D)  kinetic cues/binocular cues/pictorial cues 
A)  pictorial cues/binocular cues/kinetic cues 
B)  pictorial cues/kinetic cues/binocular cues 
C)  binocular cues/pictorial cues/kinetic cues 
D)  kinetic cues/binocular cues/pictorial cues

Question 17

Outline the basics of enrichment theory and differentiation theory.

Accepted Answer

Enrichment theory and differentiation th

Question 18

Pavlov is said to have trained a dog to salivate to the sound of a bell that rang just before food was delivered.
-In this example,what is salivation to food in the dog's mouth?

Accepted Answer

A)  an unconditioned stimulus 
B)  a conditioned stimulus 
C)  a conditioned response 
D)  an unconditioned response 
A)  an unconditioned stimulus 
B)  a conditioned stimulus 
C)  a conditioned response 
D)  an unconditioned response

Question 19

Describe what is known about touch,temperature,and pain perception in newborns.

Accepted Answer

Touch, temperature, and pain perception

Question 20

Which statement best summarizes the conclusions of Kellman and Spelke's habituation experiment regarding infant perception of "wholeness" of an object?

Accepted Answer

A)  Motion cues helped the identification of the whole form. 
B)  Boys' form perception is superior to that of girls. 
C)  Form perception is innate and highly accurate. 
D)  Subjective contours are invisible to infants. 
A)  Motion cues helped the identification of the whole form. 
B)  Boys' form perception is superior to that of girls. 
C)  Form perception is innate and highly accurate. 
D)  Subjective contours are invisible to infants.

Which of the following best characterizes the phenomenon of classical conditioning?

Based upon the research of Kellman and Spelke,under what circumstances do 4-month-old infants infer "wholeness" of a partially hidden object?

Explain how operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning.Provide an example that illustrates your explanation.

In what way are the evoked potential method and the habituation method similar?

Describe the development of form perception from birth to 1 year of age.

Which statement best summarizes the findings of the cross-cultural research conducted by Lynch and his associates regarding auditory perception of musical melodies in 6-month-old American infants?

Identify one common ear infection among infants and preschool children,and discuss the long-term consequences of recurring ear infections for cognitive development.

For punishment to be effective,what should it be?

Which of the following statements best summarizes the view of enrichment theorists regarding objective reality and perceptual development?

Do you believe that enrichment or differentiation theory best explains the development of intermodal perception? Justify your answer.

Which statement is the best description of negative punishment?

Describe a newborn's gustatory (taste)and olfactory (smell)capabilities.

If researchers find that experience and environmental influences are critical to perceptual learning,which theory of perceptual development is supported?

According to Gibson,what cognitive process has a child acquired when he or she learns to attend to the perceptual qualities of different letters?

Depth cue abilities emerge at different ages.What is the correct developmental sequence for these depth cue categories,from youngest to oldest?

Outline the basics of enrichment theory and differentiation theory.

Pavlov is said to have trained a dog to salivate to the sound of a bell that rang just before food was delivered. -In this example,what is salivation to food in the dog's mouth?

Describe what is known about touch,temperature,and pain perception in newborns.

Which statement best summarizes the conclusions of Kellman and Spelke's habituation experiment regarding infant perception of "wholeness" of an object?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development

Cognitive Development

Cognitive Development

Intelligence

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development,temperament,and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities,gender-Role Development,and Sexual Behavior

Moral Development,altruism,and Aggression

The Family

Extrafamilial Influences

Filters

Exam 7: Early Cognitive Foundations

Which of the following best characterizes the phenomenon of classical conditioning?

Based upon the research of Kellman and Spelke,under what circumstances do 4-month-old infants infer "wholeness" of a partially hidden object?

Explain how operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning.Provide an example that illustrates your explanation.

In what way are the evoked potential method and the habituation method similar?

Describe the development of form perception from birth to 1 year of age.

Which statement best summarizes the findings of the cross-cultural research conducted by Lynch and his associates regarding auditory perception of musical melodies in 6-month-old American infants?

Identify one common ear infection among infants and preschool children,and discuss the long-term consequences of recurring ear infections for cognitive development.

For punishment to be effective,what should it be?

Which of the following statements best summarizes the view of enrichment theorists regarding objective reality and perceptual development?

Do you believe that enrichment or differentiation theory best explains the development of intermodal perception? Justify your answer.

Which statement is the best description of negative punishment?

Describe a newborn's gustatory (taste)and olfactory (smell)capabilities.

If researchers find that experience and environmental influences are critical to perceptual learning,which theory of perceptual development is supported?

According to Gibson,what cognitive process has a child acquired when he or she learns to attend to the perceptual qualities of different letters?

Depth cue abilities emerge at different ages.What is the correct developmental sequence for these depth cue categories,from youngest to oldest?

Outline the basics of enrichment theory and differentiation theory.

Pavlov is said to have trained a dog to salivate to the sound of a bell that rang just before food was delivered. -In this example,what is salivation to food in the dog's mouth?

Describe what is known about touch,temperature,and pain perception in newborns.

Which statement best summarizes the conclusions of Kellman and Spelke's habituation experiment regarding infant perception of "wholeness" of an object?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development

Cognitive Development

Cognitive Development

Intelligence

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development,temperament,and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities,gender-Role Development,and Sexual Behavior

Moral Development,altruism,and Aggression

The Family

Extrafamilial Influences

Filters