Question 1

The _________________ family of receptors is involved in odor and some taste sensations.

Accepted Answer

7TM

Question 2

_________________ are structural motifs found in many proteins, and they consist of a hairpin loop followed by a helix-turn-helix.

Accepted Answer

Ankyrin repeats

Question 3

What clues indicate that protein receptors are important in detection of smells?

Accepted Answer

Specific anosmias (the inability to detect certain odors) is often inherited. This genetic link indicates that a mutation in a gene or gene family results in loss or alteration of a protein responsible for detection of the smell.

Question 4

Rhodopsin, the photoreceptor molecule in rods, consists of the protein ______________ linked to 11-cis retinal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rhodopsin, the photoreceptor molecule in rods, consists...

Question 5

What ion stimulates guanylate cyclase?

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium 
B)  potassium 
C)  calcium 
D)  magnesium 
E)  hydrogen 
A)  sodium 
B)  potassium 
C)  calcium 
D)  magnesium 
E)  hydrogen

Question 6

How do taste and odor detection vary?

Accepted Answer

Each neuron detecting odor expresses one

Question 7

What characteristics were sought in cDNA libraries to identify the G proteins involved in olfactory systems?

Accepted Answer

The cDNAs sought had to be exp

Question 8

How is olfactory detection maximized?

Accepted Answer

Most receptors can detect more than one

Question 9

What clues about signaling can be gained by studying the structural motifs of proteins, such as the ankyrin repeats found in NompC?

Accepted Answer

Ankyrin repeats are often found in prote

Question 10

The sense of vision is due to the absorption of light by _________________cells in the eye.

Accepted Answer

photorecep

Question 11

Capsaicin is a chemical found in _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Capsaicin is a chemical found in _______________....

Question 12

What is the immediate effect of a photon on the structure of 11-cis retinal?

Accepted Answer

A)  The molecule is polarized. 
B)  The molecule is released from the protein rhodopsin. 
C)  The molecule is converted to the all-trans-retinal. 
D)  The molecule is converted from an aldehyde to an alcohol (retinol). 
E)  The structure is not changed but accepts electrons. 
A)  The molecule is polarized. 
B)  The molecule is released from the protein rhodopsin. 
C)  The molecule is converted to the all-trans-retinal. 
D)  The molecule is converted from an aldehyde to an alcohol (retinol). 
E)  The structure is not changed but accepts electrons.

Question 13

What type of stimulus is necessary for hearing and touch?

Accepted Answer

A)  visual 
B)  mechanical 
C)  auditory 
D)  olfactory 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  visual 
B)  mechanical 
C)  auditory 
D)  olfactory 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 14

Mutant mice lacking the VR1 receptor are less responsive to the taste of capsaicin and can endure noxious levels of _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mutant mice lacking the VR1 receptor are...

Question 15

What biochemical conditions indicated the role of G proteins in olfactory systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rat cilia were found to be ATP deficient. 
B)  The levels of ATP and cAMP were critical. 
C)  The receptors required GDP for activity were present. 
D)  cAMP and GTP participated in the process. 
E)  The receptors were localized in membranes. 
A)  Rat cilia were found to be ATP deficient. 
B)  The levels of ATP and cAMP were critical. 
C)  The receptors required GDP for activity were present. 
D)  cAMP and GTP participated in the process. 
E)  The receptors were localized in membranes.

Question 16

How were initial matches made to link specific odors to receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  overexpression of genes in rats 
B)  binding of odors to receptor molecules 
C)  studying the effect of odors on rats 
D)  sequence comparison to other known proteins 
E)  isolation and characterization of OR proteins 
A)  overexpression of genes in rats 
B)  binding of odors to receptor molecules 
C)  studying the effect of odors on rats 
D)  sequence comparison to other known proteins 
E)  isolation and characterization of OR proteins

Question 17

How is the stimulus by light terminated so that the initial state is restored?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activated rhodopsin is blocked from activating transducin when metarhodopsin II (R*) is phosphorylated and the inhibitor arrestin binds the R*. 
B)  The level of cGMP is raised to reopen the gated ion channels. 
C)  The GTP bound to the G protein is hydrolyzed, allowing the transducin and the phosphodiesterase to return to their original states. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  Activated rhodopsin is blocked from activating transducin when metarhodopsin II (R*) is phosphorylated and the inhibitor arrestin binds the R*. 
B)  The level of cGMP is raised to reopen the gated ion channels. 
C)  The GTP bound to the G protein is hydrolyzed, allowing the transducin and the phosphodiesterase to return to their original states. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 18

In which sensory systems do 7TM receptors play a role?

Accepted Answer

A)  hearing 
B)  olfaction 
C)  vision 
D)  hearing and olfaction 
E)  olfaction and vision 
A)  hearing 
B)  olfaction 
C)  vision 
D)  hearing and olfaction 
E)  olfaction and vision

Question 19

How is expression of OR proteins controlled?

Accepted Answer

A)  Expression is controlled by stimuli from the environment. 
B)  Expression is activated by feedback mechanisms from the olfactory sensory system. 
C)  Each olfactory neuron produces only one OR receptor protein. 
D)  All neurons produce the OR proteins, as there is no reason to increase or decrease expression. 
E)  Each neuron produces a subset of related OR proteins, under control of a common stimulus. 
A)  Expression is controlled by stimuli from the environment. 
B)  Expression is activated by feedback mechanisms from the olfactory sensory system. 
C)  Each olfactory neuron produces only one OR receptor protein. 
D)  All neurons produce the OR proteins, as there is no reason to increase or decrease expression. 
E)  Each neuron produces a subset of related OR proteins, under control of a common stimulus.

Question 20

Salty tastes are detected through _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Salty tastes are detected through _________________....

Exam 33: Sensory Systems

The _________________ family of receptors is involved in odor and some taste sensations.

_________________ are structural motifs found in many proteins, and they consist of a hairpin loop followed by a helix-turn-helix.

What clues indicate that protein receptors are important in detection of smells?

Rhodopsin, the photoreceptor molecule in rods, consists of the protein ______________ linked to 11-cis retinal.

What ion stimulates guanylate cyclase?

How do taste and odor detection vary?

What characteristics were sought in cDNA libraries to identify the G proteins involved in olfactory systems?

How is olfactory detection maximized?

What clues about signaling can be gained by studying the structural motifs of proteins, such as the ankyrin repeats found in NompC?

The sense of vision is due to the absorption of light by _________________cells in the eye.

Capsaicin is a chemical found in _______________.

What is the immediate effect of a photon on the structure of 11-cis retinal?

What type of stimulus is necessary for hearing and touch?

Mutant mice lacking the VR1 receptor are less responsive to the taste of capsaicin and can endure noxious levels of _______________.

What biochemical conditions indicated the role of G proteins in olfactory systems?

How were initial matches made to link specific odors to receptors?

How is the stimulus by light terminated so that the initial state is restored?

In which sensory systems do 7TM receptors play a role?

How is expression of OR proteins controlled?

Salty tastes are detected through _________________.

Biochemistry: an Evolving Science

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Signal-Transduction Pathways

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

Rna Synthesis and Processing

Protein Synthesis

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

Drug Development

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