Exam 20: The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

What pathway ensures that sufficient amounts of CO₂ are available to minimize wasteful photorespiration by transporting CO₂ from the mesophyll cells to the bundle sheath cells?

In photorespiration, the oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate occurs in the __________ .

Which of the following reactions is NOT part of the pentose phosphate pathway?

The enzymes that catalyze the dark reactions of photosynthesis are located in the ___________ of the chloroplasts.

The enzyme transketolase transfers a ________-carbon fragment from a ketose to an aldose.

In the overall equation for the Calvin cycle, three molecules of __________ and two molecules of ____________ are consumed in incorporating a single CO₂ molecule into a hexose.

How many ATP are required by the C₄ pathway for each hexose that is produced?

Which form of thioredoxin activates certain Calvin cycle enzymes?

Which coenzyme is required by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in chloroplasts to convert 3-phosphoglycerate into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?

Which of the following enzymes is involved in both the Calvin cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway?

The binding site of Mg²⁺ to rubisco requires the formation of a ________________ group between lysine 201 and CO₂.

In photosynthesis, light energy is transformed into ATP and biosynthetic reducing power in the form of _____.

Which of the following is a readily mobilized sugar that is commonly used to transport carbohydrates through a plant?

Which enzyme is cited as the most abundant enzyme in the biosphere? Why is this so?

What is another name for ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase?

What metabolic adaptation is employed by plants living in hot dry climates to prevent water loss and decrease photorespiration?

When NADPH is abundant, the nonoxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway may still be used to produce _______________.

Hemolytic anemia is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme ______________________.

Which of the following types of organisms obtain their energy from chemical fuels produced by other organisms?

Several physiological modes are possible for the metabolic need for NADPH, ribose 5-phosphate, and ATP. In one scenario, such as found in adipose tissue, much more NADPH is required than ribose 5-phosphate. How is this maintained?