Exam 30: Protein Synthesis

In preparation for attachment to the tRNA, amino acids are activated by

What is the function of yeast alanyl-tRNA?

What region of a tRNA often contains large amounts of inosine?

Eukaryotic and bacterial translation differ primarily in the ________ step(s).

Which component of the tRNA is most important for the binding specificity of the tRNA synthetase?

Class ____________ aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases acylate the 2′ hydroxyl group of the terminal adenosine of tRNA.

The first amino acid in bacterial proteins is __________________

What is the order of the tRNA binding sites on the 70S ribosome with respect to the 5′-3′ direction of the mRNA?

The activation of a tRNA involves the formation of a(n) __________________ intermediate.

What hypothesis explains why some tRNA molecules can bind to more than one codon?

What is another name for an amino acid ester of a tRNA?

What role does the amino acid itself play in the accurate placement of the charged tRNA at the codon?

What are some of the features common to tRNA molecules?

Using structures of the base pairs, show how the presence of inosine at the 5′ position of the anticodon can recognize three different codons.

What biomolecule delivers the aminoacyl-tRNA to the "A site" of the E. coli ribosome?

In E. coli, the signal sequence that properly aligns the initiation codon in the P site is called the ______________________ sequence.

What term refers to the polygenic nature of bacterial mRNA?

How much energy is used to attach the amino acid to the tRNA?

Describe the subunits of E. coli ribosomes.

Explain why some bases in some RNAs cannot be involved in base pairs.