Question 1

What advantage do phosphodiesters have compared to other esters?

Accepted Answer

The negative charge serves to repel nucleophilic species such as OH^-. Thus, the phosphodiester linkage is more stable because it is more resistant to hydrolytic cleavage.

Question 2

A noncoding region within a gene is known as a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  intron 
B)  exon 
C)  missense region 
D)  split gene 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  intron 
B)  exon 
C)  missense region 
D)  split gene 
E)  None of the answers is correct. A

Question 3

Briefly describe the Meselson and Stahl experiment that indicated that DNA replication is semiconservative.

Accepted Answer

Meselson and Stahl grew bacteria in the presence of ¹⁵N, or "heavy" nitrogen. They rapidly replaced the ¹⁵N media with ¹⁴N, or light nitrogen. DNA was extracted at various time intervals during the growth of the bacteria, representing different stages of replication (generations). They examined the DNA using density-gradient equilibrium sedimentation and observed that no "heavy" DNA was present in the first generation but that the DNA was intermediate between light and heavy. After the second generation, there were equal amounts of intermediate and light. This confirmed that one strand of the parent DNA is present in each daughter strand of replicated DNA.

Question 4

In bacterial mRNA, the initiating AUG codon is preceded several nucleotides away by a purine-rich sequence called the __________________ , which base-pairs with a complementary sequence in an rRNA.

Accepted Answer

Shine-Dalg

Question 5

Each three-base codon encodes a specific _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA nucleotide 
B)  mRNA nucleotide 
C)  tRNA nucleotide 
D)  rRNA nucleotide 
E)  amino acid 
A)  DNA nucleotide 
B)  mRNA nucleotide 
C)  tRNA nucleotide 
D)  rRNA nucleotide 
E)  amino acid

Question 6

Draw how the dNTP is added to a DNA strand at the 3' end.

Accepted Answer

The drawing should indicate cl

Question 7

In an amino acyl-tRNA, the amino acid is attached to the CCA sequence at the _________ end of the tRNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an amino acyl-tRNA, the amino acid...

Question 8

The enzyme that is capable of synthesizing DNA from an RNA template is __________________.

Accepted Answer

reverse tr

Question 9

__________________ is the most abundant type of RNA in a cell.

Accepted Answer

Ribosomal

Question 10

What are two features of mature eukaryotic mRNA that are unique as compared to prokaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic mRNA has

Question 11

The technique(s) used by Franklin and Wilkins to deduce the structure of DNA was

Accepted Answer

A)  absorbance spectrophotometry. 
B)  electron microscopy. 
C)  x-ray diffraction. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  absorbance spectrophotometry. 
B)  electron microscopy. 
C)  x-ray diffraction. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 12

Which of the following is correct concerning the adaptor molecule tRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  tRNA contains an anticodon sequence that serves as the template recognition site. 
B)  The amino acid is attached to the 5' end of tRNA. 
C)  tRNA contains a poly A tail at the 3' end. 
D)  tRNA is the largest RNA in the cell. 
E)  tRNA serves as the gene in some viruses. 
A)  tRNA contains an anticodon sequence that serves as the template recognition site. 
B)  The amino acid is attached to the 5' end of tRNA. 
C)  tRNA contains a poly A tail at the 3' end. 
D)  tRNA is the largest RNA in the cell. 
E)  tRNA serves as the gene in some viruses.

Question 13

Draw two nucleotides in DNA showing the linkage between the sugars.

Accepted Answer

@#IMG-DLM& The 3' oxygen of one nucleotide is link

Question 14

The advantage(s) to having most genes of higher eukaryotes, such as birds and mammals, be split include

Accepted Answer

A)  the potential for generating related proteins. 
B)  the preservation of functional units (e.g. catalytic site). 
C)  the resistance to mutation. 
D)  the potential for generating related proteins and the preservation of functional units (e.g. catalytic site). 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  the potential for generating related proteins. 
B)  the preservation of functional units (e.g. catalytic site). 
C)  the resistance to mutation. 
D)  the potential for generating related proteins and the preservation of functional units (e.g. catalytic site). 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 15

The flow of genetic information from DNA to protein is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  replication 
B)  transcription 
C)  translation 
D)  gene expression 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  replication 
B)  transcription 
C)  translation 
D)  gene expression 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

What is an advantage of codon degeneracy?

Accepted Answer

Changes in the third position often have

Question 17

Each amino acid residue in a protein is encoded by a set of three bases in an mRNA referred to collectively as a(n) __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each amino acid residue in a protein...

Question 18

Which molecules that are produced during transcription carry information for use as a template during translation?

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA 
B)  tRNA 
C)  rRNA 
D)  snRNA 
E)  DNA 
A)  mRNA 
B)  tRNA 
C)  rRNA 
D)  snRNA 
E)  DNA

Question 19

Describe the DNA helix proposed by Watson and Crick.

Accepted Answer

The DNA model proposed by Watson and Cri

Question 20

The genetic code is not universal. Where are exceptions found?

Accepted Answer

Exceptions are found in severa

Exam 4: DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

What advantage do phosphodiesters have compared to other esters?

A noncoding region within a gene is known as a _____.

Briefly describe the Meselson and Stahl experiment that indicated that DNA replication is semiconservative.

In bacterial mRNA, the initiating AUG codon is preceded several nucleotides away by a purine-rich sequence called the __________________ , which base-pairs with a complementary sequence in an rRNA.

Each three-base codon encodes a specific _____.

Draw how the dNTP is added to a DNA strand at the 3' end.

In an amino acyl-tRNA, the amino acid is attached to the CCA sequence at the _________ end of the tRNA.

The enzyme that is capable of synthesizing DNA from an RNA template is __________________.

__________________ is the most abundant type of RNA in a cell.

What are two features of mature eukaryotic mRNA that are unique as compared to prokaryotic mRNA?

The technique(s) used by Franklin and Wilkins to deduce the structure of DNA was

Which of the following is correct concerning the adaptor molecule tRNA?

Draw two nucleotides in DNA showing the linkage between the sugars.

The advantage(s) to having most genes of higher eukaryotes, such as birds and mammals, be split include

The flow of genetic information from DNA to protein is called _____.

What is an advantage of codon degeneracy?

Each amino acid residue in a protein is encoded by a set of three bases in an mRNA referred to collectively as a(n) __________________.

Which molecules that are produced during transcription carry information for use as a template during translation?

Describe the DNA helix proposed by Watson and Crick.

The genetic code is not universal. Where are exceptions found?

Biochemistry: an Evolving Science

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Signal-Transduction Pathways

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

Rna Synthesis and Processing

Protein Synthesis

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Sensory Systems

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

Drug Development

Filters