Question 1

Which of the following is another name for a seven-transmembrane helix receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  tyrosine kinase receptor 
B)  ion channel receptor 
C)  enzyme-linked receptor 
D)  β-adrenergic receptor 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  tyrosine kinase receptor 
B)  ion channel receptor 
C)  enzyme-linked receptor 
D)  β-adrenergic receptor 
E)  None of the answers is correct. D

Question 2

What is the difference between an oncogene and a proto-oncogene?

Accepted Answer

An oncogene, such as v-src, leads to the generation of cancer-like characteristics in susceptible cell types. A proto-oncogene, such as c-src, does not induce cell transformation but refers to the fact that this gene, when mutated, can be converted into an oncogene.

Question 3

Draw the reaction catalyzed by tyrosine kinase (no mechanism necessary).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw the reaction catalyzed by tyrosine kinase...

Question 4

The catalytically active form of the insulin receptor is a result of phosphorylation of specific ____________ residues in the activation loop.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The catalytically active form of the insulin...

Question 5

What is a disadvantage of using common molecules for signaling paths?

Accepted Answer

When second messengers are involved in m

Question 6

What is the relationship between monoclonal antibodies, breast cancer, and HER2?

Accepted Answer

HER2 is a membrane protein that is very

Question 7

In addition to its range in concentration, what other property of calcium ion makes it a highly suitable messenger?

Accepted Answer

It can bind tightly to proteins because

Question 8

How does the binding of epinephrine to its receptor set a response in action?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes an exchange of GTP for G protein bound GDP. 
B)  It causes a pore to open, allowing proton/ion exchange. 
C)  It causes the release of insulin. 
D)  It causes G proteins to produce cGMP. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  It causes an exchange of GTP for G protein bound GDP. 
B)  It causes a pore to open, allowing proton/ion exchange. 
C)  It causes the release of insulin. 
D)  It causes G proteins to produce cGMP. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 9

What is the difference between heterotrimeric G proteins and small G proteins?

Accepted Answer

Heterotrimeric G proteins are composed o

Question 10

What is the primary messenger that is released by the adrenal gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  glucagon 
D)  insulin 
E)  acetylcholine 
A)  dopamine 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  glucagon 
D)  insulin 
E)  acetylcholine

Question 11

What is a gene that contributes to cancer development only when deleted or damaged?

Accepted Answer

A)  oncogene 
B)  proto-oncogene 
C)  viral oncogene 
D)  carcinoma-suppressor gene 
E)  tumor-suppressor gene 
A)  oncogene 
B)  proto-oncogene 
C)  viral oncogene 
D)  carcinoma-suppressor gene 
E)  tumor-suppressor gene

Question 12

What are some of the common structural features of the receptors to which signal molecules bind?

Accepted Answer

The molecule must have a signal-binding

Question 13

The v and c in v-src and c-src refer to

Accepted Answer

A)  viral and cellular. 
B)  viral and cytosolic. 
C)  viral and cystic. 
D)  Vibrio and cholera. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  viral and cellular. 
B)  viral and cytosolic. 
C)  viral and cystic. 
D)  Vibrio and cholera. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 14

What are receptor tyrosine kinases? Provide an example.

Accepted Answer

These are proteins that bind l

Question 15

What happens when signaling paths are not terminated properly?

Accepted Answer

The cell will not be able to r

Question 16

How is the hormone-bound activated receptor reset after activation?

Accepted Answer

The hormone dissociates, and the recepto

Question 17

Protein kinase A phosphorylates serine and ___________ residues.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Protein kinase A phosphorylates serine and ___________...

Question 18

The binding of IP3 to the IP3 receptor results in the release of __________ from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Accepted Answer

Question 19

Cross-phosphorylation of the EGF receptor is possible when two receptor proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  are cleaved. 
B)  dimerize. 
C)  are internalized into organelles. 
D)  covalently cross link. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  are cleaved. 
B)  dimerize. 
C)  are internalized into organelles. 
D)  covalently cross link. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 20

What family of proteins contains the Ras proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  GAP proteins 
B)  G-protein receptor kinases 
C)  small G proteins 
D)  seven-transmembrane helix receptors 
E)  heterotrimeric G proteins 
A)  GAP proteins 
B)  G-protein receptor kinases 
C)  small G proteins 
D)  seven-transmembrane helix receptors 
E)  heterotrimeric G proteins

Exam 14: Signal-Transduction Pathways

Which of the following is another name for a seven-transmembrane helix receptor?

What is the difference between an oncogene and a proto-oncogene?

Draw the reaction catalyzed by tyrosine kinase (no mechanism necessary).

The catalytically active form of the insulin receptor is a result of phosphorylation of specific ____________ residues in the activation loop.

What is a disadvantage of using common molecules for signaling paths?

What is the relationship between monoclonal antibodies, breast cancer, and HER2?

In addition to its range in concentration, what other property of calcium ion makes it a highly suitable messenger?

How does the binding of epinephrine to its receptor set a response in action?

What is the difference between heterotrimeric G proteins and small G proteins?

What is the primary messenger that is released by the adrenal gland?

What is a gene that contributes to cancer development only when deleted or damaged?

What are some of the common structural features of the receptors to which signal molecules bind?

The v and c in v-src and c-src refer to

What are receptor tyrosine kinases? Provide an example.

What happens when signaling paths are not terminated properly?

How is the hormone-bound activated receptor reset after activation?

Protein kinase A phosphorylates serine and ___________ residues.

The binding of IP3 to the IP3 receptor results in the release of __________ from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Cross-phosphorylation of the EGF receptor is possible when two receptor proteins

What family of proteins contains the Ras proteins?

Biochemistry: an Evolving Science

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

Rna Synthesis and Processing

Protein Synthesis

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Sensory Systems

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

Drug Development

Filters

The binding of IP₃ to the IP₃ receptor results in the release of __________ from the endoplasmic reticulum.