Question 1

Why is the site of DNA synthesis called the replication fork?

Accepted Answer

The complex formed by the newly synthesized daughter helices arising from the parental duplex resembles a two-pronged fork.

Question 2

Which of the following is a short section of RNA that is extended by DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

A)  telomere 
B)  primer 
C)  Okazaki fragment 
D)  Holliday fragment 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  telomere 
B)  primer 
C)  Okazaki fragment 
D)  Holliday fragment 
E)  None of the answers is correct. B

Question 3

How are single-stranded regions of DNA maintained during polymerization?

Accepted Answer

Single-stranded binding protein (SSB) binds to the single-stranded regions of DNA.

Question 4

The tertiary structures in DNA are created by the process known as ______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The tertiary structures in DNA are created...

Question 5

Describe the general three-step process that is catalyzed by a type I topoisomerase.

Accepted Answer

1) One strand of DNA must be c

Question 6

What is DNA gyrase?

Accepted Answer

A)  a bacterial type II topoisomerase 
B)  a bacterial type I topoisomerase 
C)  a bacterial helicase 
D)  a eukaryotic helicase 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  a bacterial type II topoisomerase 
B)  a bacterial type I topoisomerase 
C)  a bacterial helicase 
D)  a eukaryotic helicase 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 7

During prokaryotic DNA replication, the RNA primer pieces are removed by __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During prokaryotic DNA replication, the RNA primer...

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the directionality of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  5' → 3' direction on both strands 
B)  3' → 5' direction on both strands 
C)  5' → 3' direction on the leading strand, 3' → 5' on the lagging strand 
D)  3' → 5' direction on the leading strand, 5' → 3' on the lagging strand 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  5' → 3' direction on both strands 
B)  3' → 5' direction on both strands 
C)  5' → 3' direction on the leading strand, 3' → 5' on the lagging strand 
D)  3' → 5' direction on the leading strand, 5' → 3' on the lagging strand 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 9

The DNA strand that is replicated continuously is known as the _____________ strand.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The DNA strand that is replicated continuously...

Question 10

Photolyase functions to

Accepted Answer

A)  repair pyrimidine dimers. 
B)  remove damaged bases. 
C)  ligate single-strand breaks. 
D)  remove 6-4 photoproducts. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  repair pyrimidine dimers. 
B)  remove damaged bases. 
C)  ligate single-strand breaks. 
D)  remove 6-4 photoproducts. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 11

Which of the following is (are) true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Naturally occurring DNA usually has negative supercoiling. 
B)  Forms with the same linking number can be interconverted without cleavage. 
C)  The twist value rarely changes in naturally occurring DNA. 
D)  All the answers are correct. 
E)  Naturally occurring DNA usually has negative supercoiling, and forms with the same linking number can be interconverted without cleavage. 
A)  Naturally occurring DNA usually has negative supercoiling. 
B)  Forms with the same linking number can be interconverted without cleavage. 
C)  The twist value rarely changes in naturally occurring DNA. 
D)  All the answers are correct. 
E)  Naturally occurring DNA usually has negative supercoiling, and forms with the same linking number can be interconverted without cleavage.

Question 12

What proteins use ATP to separate DNA strands at specific sites?

Accepted Answer

A)  topoisomerases 
B)  single-stranded binding proteins 
C)  histones 
D)  gyrases 
E)  helicases 
A)  topoisomerases 
B)  single-stranded binding proteins 
C)  histones 
D)  gyrases 
E)  helicases

Question 13

The observed error rate in DNA replication is approximately

Accepted Answer

A)  1 per 106 nucleotides. 
B)  1 per 104 nucleotides. 
C)  1 per 1010 nucleotides. 
D)  1 per 1015 nucleotides. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  1 per 106 nucleotides. 
B)  1 per 104 nucleotides. 
C)  1 per 1010 nucleotides. 
D)  1 per 1015 nucleotides. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 14

Describe the consequences of incorrect DNA replication or DNA damage.

Accepted Answer

The most serious consequences

Question 15

What must happen to the strands of DNA in order for replication to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  supercoiling 
B)  annealing 
C)  melting 
D)  unwinding 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  supercoiling 
B)  annealing 
C)  melting 
D)  unwinding 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 16

What name is given to the short sections of DNA found on the lagging strand during DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  primer fragments 
B)  template fragments 
C)  supercoiled fragments 
D)  Holliday fragments 
E)  Okazaki fragments 
A)  primer fragments 
B)  template fragments 
C)  supercoiled fragments 
D)  Holliday fragments 
E)  Okazaki fragments

Question 17

What assay is used to determine mutagenic potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kornberg test 
B)  Okazaki test 
C)  Ames test 
D)  Warburg test 
E)  Ochoa test 
A)  Kornberg test 
B)  Okazaki test 
C)  Ames test 
D)  Warburg test 
E)  Ochoa test

Question 18

The primer for DNA synthesis is an RNA molecule formed by the enzyme _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primer for DNA synthesis is an...

Question 19

Aflatoxin B1 is a compound that is converted to a reactive epoxide by a cytochrome P450 enzyme and causes

Accepted Answer

A)  a G-C to T-A transversion. 
B)  an intrastrand cross-link. 
C)  deamination of adenine. 
D)  deamination of cytosine. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  a G-C to T-A transversion. 
B)  an intrastrand cross-link. 
C)  deamination of adenine. 
D)  deamination of cytosine. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 20

Common types of mutations that arise in DNA replication include

Accepted Answer

A)  the mismatch of bases in the DNA. 
B)  the deletion of one or more bases in the DNA. 
C)  the insertion of one or more bases in the DNA. 
D)  All the answers are correct. 
E)  the deletion of one or more bases in the DNA and the insertion of one or more bases in the DNA. 
A)  the mismatch of bases in the DNA. 
B)  the deletion of one or more bases in the DNA. 
C)  the insertion of one or more bases in the DNA. 
D)  All the answers are correct. 
E)  the deletion of one or more bases in the DNA and the insertion of one or more bases in the DNA.

Exam 28: DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

Why is the site of DNA synthesis called the replication fork?

Which of the following is a short section of RNA that is extended by DNA polymerase?

How are single-stranded regions of DNA maintained during polymerization?

The tertiary structures in DNA are created by the process known as ______________.

Describe the general three-step process that is catalyzed by a type I topoisomerase.

What is DNA gyrase?

During prokaryotic DNA replication, the RNA primer pieces are removed by __________________.

Which of the following best describes the directionality of DNA replication?

The DNA strand that is replicated continuously is known as the _____________ strand.

Photolyase functions to

Which of the following is (are) true?

What proteins use ATP to separate DNA strands at specific sites?

The observed error rate in DNA replication is approximately

Describe the consequences of incorrect DNA replication or DNA damage.

What must happen to the strands of DNA in order for replication to occur?

What name is given to the short sections of DNA found on the lagging strand during DNA synthesis?

What assay is used to determine mutagenic potential?

The primer for DNA synthesis is an RNA molecule formed by the enzyme _______________.

Aflatoxin B1 is a compound that is converted to a reactive epoxide by a cytochrome P450 enzyme and causes

Common types of mutations that arise in DNA replication include

Biochemistry: an Evolving Science

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Signal-Transduction Pathways

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

Rna Synthesis and Processing

Protein Synthesis

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Sensory Systems

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

Drug Development

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Aflatoxin B₁ is a compound that is converted to a reactive epoxide by a cytochrome P450 enzyme and causes