Question 1

Glycolysis produces a net of ________ moles of ATP per 1 mole of glucose.

Accepted Answer

2

Question 2

What is the additional metabolite that is required for the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate?

Accepted Answer

A)  1-phosphoglycerate 
B)  diacylglycerol 
C)  NADH 
D)  2,3-bisphosphoglycerate 
E)  1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 
A)  1-phosphoglycerate 
B)  diacylglycerol 
C)  NADH 
D)  2,3-bisphosphoglycerate 
E)  1,3-bisphosphoglycerate D

Question 3

Which of the following are reasons that glucose is a common metabolic fuel used by living organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  In its stable ring structure, glucose is unlikely to nonezymatically glycosylate proteins. 
B)  It is one of the fuels formed under prebiotic conditions, thus available for primitive biochemical systems. 
C)  It is the only sugar used by the brain and kidney as a fuel source. 
D)  It is a ketose and thus a nonreducing sugar. 
E)  Both A and B are correct. 
A)  In its stable ring structure, glucose is unlikely to nonezymatically glycosylate proteins. 
B)  It is one of the fuels formed under prebiotic conditions, thus available for primitive biochemical systems. 
C)  It is the only sugar used by the brain and kidney as a fuel source. 
D)  It is a ketose and thus a nonreducing sugar. 
E)  Both A and B are correct. E

Question 4

In the absence of oxygen, _____________________ increases the expression of most glycolytic enzymes and the glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3.

Accepted Answer

HIF-1, or

Question 5

What are the primary metabolic fates of pyruvate?

Accepted Answer

A)  ethanol 
B)  lactate 
C)  acetyl CoA 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  ethanol and lactate 
A)  ethanol 
B)  lactate 
C)  acetyl CoA 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  ethanol and lactate

Question 6

What reaction is catalyzed by aldolase?

Accepted Answer

A)  isomerization of DHAP to GAP 
B)  hydrolysis of either GAP or DHAP 
C)  reversible cleavage of F-1,6-BP to DHAP and GAP 
D)  cleavage of DHAP to GAP 
E)  irreversible aldol condensation of DHAP and GAP 
A)  isomerization of DHAP to GAP 
B)  hydrolysis of either GAP or DHAP 
C)  reversible cleavage of F-1,6-BP to DHAP and GAP 
D)  cleavage of DHAP to GAP 
E)  irreversible aldol condensation of DHAP and GAP

Question 7

Why is it more sensible for phosphofructokinase to be an important control step, rather than hexokinase?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase catalyzes the first

Question 8

Describe the two isoforms of lactate dehydrogenase.

Accepted Answer

Two forms exist, called M and H, which p

Question 9

Which of the following is an allosteric inhibitor of phosphofructokinase?

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH 
B)  ATP 
C)  AMP 
D)  fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  NADH 
B)  ATP 
C)  AMP 
D)  fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 10

The key enzyme that regulates the pace of glycolysis is ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The key enzyme that regulates the pace...

Question 11

The ________________ cycle refers to the metabolic reactions by which glucose is converted into lactate in skeletal muscle, and then lactate is converted back into glucose in the liver.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________________ cycle refers to the metabolic...

Question 12

What is the name of the pathway that converts noncarbohydrate molecules into glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  pentose phosphate pathway 
B)  glycogenolysis 
C)  citric acid cycle 
D)  gluconeogenesis 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  pentose phosphate pathway 
B)  glycogenolysis 
C)  citric acid cycle 
D)  gluconeogenesis 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 13

The formation of ATP is due to direct transfer of a phosphoryl group and is called ___________________.

Accepted Answer

substrate-

Question 14

The Embden Meyerhof pathway is also known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  pentose phosphate pathway 
B)  glycolysis 
C)  citric acid cycle 
D)  gluconeogenesis 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  pentose phosphate pathway 
B)  glycolysis 
C)  citric acid cycle 
D)  gluconeogenesis 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 15

Which of the following intermediates is needed for the conversion of galactose into glucose by reacting with galactose 1-phosphate?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 1-phosphate 
B)  fructose 6-phosphate 
C)  glucose 6-phosphate 
D)  UDP-galactose 
E)  UDP-glucose 
A)  glucose 1-phosphate 
B)  fructose 6-phosphate 
C)  glucose 6-phosphate 
D)  UDP-galactose 
E)  UDP-glucose

Question 16

What is a common mechanistic feature of kinases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phosphoryl groups are transferred from a substrate with high phosphoryl-transfer potential to AMP. 
B)  Binding of substrate causes a large conformation change that results in cleft closing. 
C)  All phosphorylation reactions are specific for monosaccharides. 
D)  Phosphorylation always uses ATP as a substrate. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  Phosphoryl groups are transferred from a substrate with high phosphoryl-transfer potential to AMP. 
B)  Binding of substrate causes a large conformation change that results in cleft closing. 
C)  All phosphorylation reactions are specific for monosaccharides. 
D)  Phosphorylation always uses ATP as a substrate. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 17

Which of the following conditions results from genetic deficiency of a single transferase enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  lactose intolerance 
B)  galactosemia 
C)  lactic acidosis 
D)  hypoglycemia 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  lactose intolerance 
B)  galactosemia 
C)  lactic acidosis 
D)  hypoglycemia 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 18

Give the reactions by which glycerol (from fats) can be metabolized into pyruvate or synthesized into glucose.

Accepted Answer

@#IMG-DLM& After the glycerol is convert

Question 19

How is glycolysis maintained under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate can be reduced to eit

Question 20

What is the function of a thioester intermediate such as the one formed from GAP?

Accepted Answer

A)  It speeds up the actual reaction so that more product can be made. 
B)  The thioester shifts the equilibrium of the first stage of the reaction. 
C)  The thioester allows the two-step reaction to be coupled so the second reaction, the energetically unfavorable phosphorylation, can proceed. 
D)  The thioester intermediate induces a conformational change that alters the enzyme specificity. 
E)  The thioester prevents the formation of metabolically unfavorable side products. 
A)  It speeds up the actual reaction so that more product can be made. 
B)  The thioester shifts the equilibrium of the first stage of the reaction. 
C)  The thioester allows the two-step reaction to be coupled so the second reaction, the energetically unfavorable phosphorylation, can proceed. 
D)  The thioester intermediate induces a conformational change that alters the enzyme specificity. 
E)  The thioester prevents the formation of metabolically unfavorable side products.

Exam 16: Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

Glycolysis produces a net of ________ moles of ATP per 1 mole of glucose.

What is the additional metabolite that is required for the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate?

Which of the following are reasons that glucose is a common metabolic fuel used by living organisms?

In the absence of oxygen, _____________________ increases the expression of most glycolytic enzymes and the glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3.

What are the primary metabolic fates of pyruvate?

What reaction is catalyzed by aldolase?

Why is it more sensible for phosphofructokinase to be an important control step, rather than hexokinase?

Describe the two isoforms of lactate dehydrogenase.

Which of the following is an allosteric inhibitor of phosphofructokinase?

The key enzyme that regulates the pace of glycolysis is ____________________.

The ________________ cycle refers to the metabolic reactions by which glucose is converted into lactate in skeletal muscle, and then lactate is converted back into glucose in the liver.

What is the name of the pathway that converts noncarbohydrate molecules into glucose?

The formation of ATP is due to direct transfer of a phosphoryl group and is called ___________________.

The Embden Meyerhof pathway is also known as _____.

Which of the following intermediates is needed for the conversion of galactose into glucose by reacting with galactose 1-phosphate?

What is a common mechanistic feature of kinases?

Which of the following conditions results from genetic deficiency of a single transferase enzyme?

Give the reactions by which glycerol (from fats) can be metabolized into pyruvate or synthesized into glucose.

How is glycolysis maintained under anaerobic conditions?

What is the function of a thioester intermediate such as the one formed from GAP?

Biochemistry: an Evolving Science

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Signal-Transduction Pathways

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

The Citric Acid Cycle

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

Rna Synthesis and Processing

Protein Synthesis

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Sensory Systems

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

Drug Development

Filters