Question 1

What substance serves as the electron donor for most reductive biosynthetic pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)  NADPH 
B)  NADH 
C)  FADH2 
D)  FMNH2 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  NADPH 
B)  NADH 
C)  FADH2 
D)  FMNH2 
E)  None of the answers is correct. A

Question 2

What metabolic type of reaction involves the cleavage of bonds by the addition of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  ligation 
B)  isomerization 
C)  lyase 
D)  oxidation-reduction 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  ligation 
B)  isomerization 
C)  lyase 
D)  oxidation-reduction 
E)  None of the answers is correct. E

Question 3

Which of the following serves as the "chemical currency" of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH 
B)  acetyl CoA 
C)  NADPH 
D)  glucose 
E)  ATP 
A)  NADH 
B)  acetyl CoA 
C)  NADPH 
D)  glucose 
E)  ATP E

Question 4

List five activated carriers in metabolism, and give the vitamins that are the precursors of these carriers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List five activated carriers in metabolism, and...

Question 5

Which of the following is the ultimate electron acceptor in aerobic organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  NAD+ 
C)  FAD 
D)  oxygen 
E)  succinate 
A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  NAD+ 
C)  FAD 
D)  oxygen 
E)  succinate

Question 6

How are metabolic processes unified? How can you use this to help learn and understand biochemistry?

Accepted Answer

Common molecules and mechanisms are evid

Question 7

How are thermodynamically unfavorable reactions driven?

Accepted Answer

Thermodynamically unfavorable

Question 8

If many compounds are common to both anabolic and catabolic paths, how can metabolism be controlled?

Accepted Answer

The enzymes and their activities can be

Question 9

What is the phosphorylation potential of a cell?

Accepted Answer

The phosphorylation potential is directl

Question 10

What compound serves as an acyl carrier in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  FAD 
B)  biotin 
C)  thiamine pyrophosphate 
D)  coenzyme A 
E)  tetrahydrofolate 
A)  FAD 
B)  biotin 
C)  thiamine pyrophosphate 
D)  coenzyme A 
E)  tetrahydrofolate

Question 11

How is metabolism controlled?

Accepted Answer

The amounts of enzymes (controlled by re

Question 12

In the second stage of catabolism, numerous small molecules are converted into _________________, a central molecule in metabolism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the second stage of catabolism, numerous...

Question 13

Reaction pathways that exclusively transform fuels into cellular energy are

Accepted Answer

A)  anabolic. 
B)  catabolic. 
C)  allobolic. 
D)  amphibolic. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  anabolic. 
B)  catabolic. 
C)  allobolic. 
D)  amphibolic. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 14

_____________ is the first stage of human catabolism and involves the degradation of macromolecules in food into smaller units.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____________ is the first stage of human...

Question 15

What is the standard-state free energy (ΔG°′) for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP?

Accepted Answer

A)  +45.6 kJ mol-1  
B)  -45.6 kJ mol-1 
C) -30.5 kJ mol-1 
D)  -15.6 kJ mol-1 
E)  +30.5 kJ mol-1 
A)  +45.6 kJ mol-1  
B)  -45.6 kJ mol-1 
C) -30.5 kJ mol-1 
D)  -15.6 kJ mol-1 
E)  +30.5 kJ mol-1

Question 16

ATP-generating (catabolic) pathways are inhibited by a ________ (high, low) energy charge.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ATP-generating (catabolic) pathways are inhibited by a...

Question 17

What metabolic type of reaction involves the addition of a functional group across a double bond or the removal of a functional group to form a double bond?

Accepted Answer

A)  isomerization 
B)  group transfer 
C)  ligation requiring ATP 
D)  lyase 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  isomerization 
B)  group transfer 
C)  ligation requiring ATP 
D)  lyase 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 18

Metabolic pathways that require energy and are often biosynthetic processes are

Accepted Answer

A)  anabolic. 
B)  catabolic. 
C)  allobolic. 
D)  All of the answers are correct 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  anabolic. 
B)  catabolic. 
C)  allobolic. 
D)  All of the answers are correct 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 19

Metabolic processes are regulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  transcriptional regulation of the amount of enzyme. 
B)  allosteric control of enzyme activity. 
C)  accessibility of substrates by compartmentalization. 
D)  covalent modification of enzymes 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  transcriptional regulation of the amount of enzyme. 
B)  allosteric control of enzyme activity. 
C)  accessibility of substrates by compartmentalization. 
D)  covalent modification of enzymes 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 20

FAD is an electron carrier that is derived from the vitamin ________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of FAD is an electron carrier that is...

Exam 15: Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

What substance serves as the electron donor for most reductive biosynthetic pathways?

What metabolic type of reaction involves the cleavage of bonds by the addition of water?

Which of the following serves as the "chemical currency" of metabolism?

List five activated carriers in metabolism, and give the vitamins that are the precursors of these carriers.

Which of the following is the ultimate electron acceptor in aerobic organisms?

How are metabolic processes unified? How can you use this to help learn and understand biochemistry?

How are thermodynamically unfavorable reactions driven?

If many compounds are common to both anabolic and catabolic paths, how can metabolism be controlled?

What is the phosphorylation potential of a cell?

What compound serves as an acyl carrier in metabolism?

How is metabolism controlled?

In the second stage of catabolism, numerous small molecules are converted into _________________, a central molecule in metabolism.

Reaction pathways that exclusively transform fuels into cellular energy are

_____________ is the first stage of human catabolism and involves the degradation of macromolecules in food into smaller units.

What is the standard-state free energy (ΔG°′) for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP?

ATP-generating (catabolic) pathways are inhibited by a ________ (high, low) energy charge.

What metabolic type of reaction involves the addition of a functional group across a double bond or the removal of a functional group to form a double bond?

Metabolic pathways that require energy and are often biosynthetic processes are

Metabolic processes are regulated by

FAD is an electron carrier that is derived from the vitamin ________________.

Biochemistry: an Evolving Science

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Signal-Transduction Pathways

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

Rna Synthesis and Processing

Protein Synthesis

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Sensory Systems

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

Drug Development

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