Question 1

Each adenine-thymine base pair has ________ hydrogen bonds, while each guanine-cytosine base pair has ________ hydrogen bond(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  two / one 
B)  two / three 
C)  four / three 
D)  three / two 
A)  two / one 
B)  two / three 
C)  four / three 
D)  three / two

Question 2

rRNA has an enzymatic role in all stages of protein synthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Genes that are encoded for polymerases, gyrases, ribosomal proteins, and other proteins essential to replication, transcription, and translation are present on

Accepted Answer

A)  chromosomes. 
B)  plasmids. 
C)  chromosomes and plasmids. 
D)  neither chromosomes nor plasmids. 
A)  chromosomes. 
B)  plasmids. 
C)  chromosomes and plasmids. 
D)  neither chromosomes nor plasmids.

Question 4

In all cells a gene encodes for

Accepted Answer

A)  a protein (via mRN
A) . 
B)  a tRNA. 
C)  an rRNA. 
D)  a protein, tRNA, or rRNA depending on the specific gene. 
A)  a protein (via mRN
A) . 
B)  a tRNA. 
C)  an rRNA. 
D)  a protein, tRNA, or rRNA depending on the specific gene.

Question 5

The Tat system is involved in

Accepted Answer

A)  protein synthesis. 
B)  transcriptional initiation. 
C)  protein folding. 
D)  protein secretion. 
A)  protein synthesis. 
B)  transcriptional initiation. 
C)  protein folding. 
D)  protein secretion.

Question 6

The formation of new DNA does NOT require energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In ________ several ribosomes can simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule in a complex called a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  prokaryotes / polysome 
B)  eukaryotes / polysome 
C)  prokaryotes / initiation complex 
D)  eukaryotes / splicing complex 
A)  prokaryotes / polysome 
B)  eukaryotes / polysome 
C)  prokaryotes / initiation complex 
D)  eukaryotes / splicing complex

Question 8

Explain the difference between transcription and translation and how the processes differ in bacteria and eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

Transcription is the process in which mR

Question 9

Plasmids often encode for proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  involved in translation. 
B)  required for cellular growth. 
C)  that confer resistance to antibiotics. 
D)  involved in DNA replication. 
A)  involved in translation. 
B)  required for cellular growth. 
C)  that confer resistance to antibiotics. 
D)  involved in DNA replication.

Question 10

Discuss how the initiation of DNA synthesis occurs in bacteria using the terms origin of replication, replication fork, and theta structures.

Accepted Answer

The initiation protein DnaA binds to the

Question 11

Is the following statement TRUE or FALSE? Explain why you think so. ʺProteins are the only biomolecules capable of catalyzing bond formation.ʺ

Accepted Answer

A theme to this answer should be how sev

Question 12

In Bacteria, a chromosome can be distinguished from a plasmid, because a chromosome is a genetic element that

Accepted Answer

A)  is circular. 
B)  is linear. 
C)  encodes for essential functional genes. 
D)  replicates via a bidirectional fork. 
A)  is circular. 
B)  is linear. 
C)  encodes for essential functional genes. 
D)  replicates via a bidirectional fork.

Question 13

The two strands of the DNA double helix are held together by

Accepted Answer

A)  5ʹ to 3ʹ attraction. 
B)  hydrogen bonds between nucleotide bases. 
C)  codons. 
D)  peptide bonds between nucleotide bases. 
A)  5ʹ to 3ʹ attraction. 
B)  hydrogen bonds between nucleotide bases. 
C)  codons. 
D)  peptide bonds between nucleotide bases.

Question 14

Transposable elements are

Accepted Answer

A)  segments of DNA that move from one site to another. 
B)  transcribed genes. 
C)  segments of RNA that are involved in transposing DNA into proteins. 
D)  proteins that aid in the secretion of enzymes out of the cell. 
A)  segments of DNA that move from one site to another. 
B)  transcribed genes. 
C)  segments of RNA that are involved in transposing DNA into proteins. 
D)  proteins that aid in the secretion of enzymes out of the cell.

Question 15

Explain the concept of semiconservative replication and how simultaneous copying of both strands of DNA is accomplished in prokaryotic cells.

Accepted Answer

During replication, only one of the two

Question 16

DNA replication always proceeds in only one direction because the ________ of the incoming nucleotide is attached to the free ________ of the growing DNA strand.

Accepted Answer

A)  5ʹ-phosphate / 3ʹ-hydroxyl 
B)  3ʹ-phosphate / 5ʹ-hydroxyl 
C)  5ʹ-deoxyribose / 3ʹ-base 
D)  3ʹ-base / 5ʹ-deoxyribose 
A)  5ʹ-phosphate / 3ʹ-hydroxyl 
B)  3ʹ-phosphate / 5ʹ-hydroxyl 
C)  5ʹ-deoxyribose / 3ʹ-base 
D)  3ʹ-base / 5ʹ-deoxyribose

Question 17

RNA acts at both the genetic and the functional levels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In DNA replication there are leading and lagging strands, because

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA replication is conservative and a completely new DNA molecule must be made. 
B)  DNA replication is semiconservative and each strand is copied simultaneously in opposite directions. 
C)  the strands of DNA are parallel and are copied in the same direction simultaneously. 
D)  one strand of DNA is copied faster than the other. 
A)  DNA replication is conservative and a completely new DNA molecule must be made. 
B)  DNA replication is semiconservative and each strand is copied simultaneously in opposite directions. 
C)  the strands of DNA are parallel and are copied in the same direction simultaneously. 
D)  one strand of DNA is copied faster than the other.

Question 19

Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules

Accepted Answer

A)  function to transfer ribonucleotides to RNA polymerase during transcription. 
B)  function to transfer the correct amino acids to the ribosome during translation. 
C)  contain codons that bind to ribosomes during translation. 
D)  are only present in the nucleus or eukaryotes. 
A)  function to transfer ribonucleotides to RNA polymerase during transcription. 
B)  function to transfer the correct amino acids to the ribosome during translation. 
C)  contain codons that bind to ribosomes during translation. 
D)  are only present in the nucleus or eukaryotes.

Question 20

Which of the following is formed on the lagging strand during DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA secondary structures 
B)  Okazaki fragments 
C)  RNA polymerase 
D)  replisomes 
A)  DNA secondary structures 
B)  Okazaki fragments 
C)  RNA polymerase 
D)  replisomes

Exam 4: Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

Each adenine-thymine base pair has ________ hydrogen bonds, while each guanine-cytosine base pair has ________ hydrogen bond(s).

rRNA has an enzymatic role in all stages of protein synthesis.

Genes that are encoded for polymerases, gyrases, ribosomal proteins, and other proteins essential to replication, transcription, and translation are present on

In all cells a gene encodes for

The Tat system is involved in

The formation of new DNA does NOT require energy.

In ________ several ribosomes can simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule in a complex called a(n) ________.

Explain the difference between transcription and translation and how the processes differ in bacteria and eukaryotes.

Plasmids often encode for proteins

Discuss how the initiation of DNA synthesis occurs in bacteria using the terms origin of replication, replication fork, and theta structures.

Is the following statement TRUE or FALSE? Explain why you think so. ʺProteins are the only biomolecules capable of catalyzing bond formation.ʺ

In Bacteria, a chromosome can be distinguished from a plasmid, because a chromosome is a genetic element that

The two strands of the DNA double helix are held together by

Transposable elements are

Explain the concept of semiconservative replication and how simultaneous copying of both strands of DNA is accomplished in prokaryotic cells.

DNA replication always proceeds in only one direction because the ________ of the incoming nucleotide is attached to the free ________ of the growing DNA strand.

RNA acts at both the genetic and the functional levels.

In DNA replication there are leading and lagging strands, because

Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules

Which of the following is formed on the lagging strand during DNA synthesis?

The Microbial World

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth and Its Control

Microbial Regulatory Systems

Molecular Biology of Microbial Growth

Viruses and Their Replication

Microbial Systems Biology

Viral Genomics, Diversity, and Ecology

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Microbial Eukarya

Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Symbioses with Humans

Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity: Broadly Specific Host Defenses

Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Waterborne and Foodborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungi, Protozoans, and Helminths

Filters

Each adenine-thymine base pair has hydrogen bonds, while each guanine-cytosine base pair has hydrogen bond(s).

In several ribosomes can simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule in a complex called a(n) .

DNA replication always proceeds in only one direction because the of the incoming nucleotide is attached to the free of the growing DNA strand.