Question 1

Proteins known as chaperones are found only in Bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In complementary base pairing of DNA, adenine pairs with ________ (or ________ in RNA) and cytosine always pairs with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  guanine / uracil / thymine 
B)  uracil / thymine / guanine 
C)  thymine / guanine / uracil 
D)  thymine / uracil / guanine 
A)  guanine / uracil / thymine 
B)  uracil / thymine / guanine 
C)  thymine / guanine / uracil 
D)  thymine / uracil / guanine

Question 3

An example of correct nucleotide pairing is

Accepted Answer

A)  T and U. 
B)  G and U. 
C)  A and T. 
D)  C and U. 
A)  T and U. 
B)  G and U. 
C)  A and T. 
D)  C and U.

Question 4

DNA-binding proteins interact predominantly within which portion of a double-stranded DNA helix?

Accepted Answer

A)  major groove 
B)  minor groove 
C)  3ʹ end 
D)  supercoil 
A)  major groove 
B)  minor groove 
C)  3ʹ end 
D)  supercoil

Question 5

tRNA is released from the ribosome at the ________ site.

Accepted Answer

A)  P 
B)  A 
C)  R 
D)  E 
A)  P 
B)  A 
C)  R 
D)  E

Question 6

The codon on the ________ matches with the anticodon on the ________ to direct the addition of the correct amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain.

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA / tRNA 
B)  tRNA / mRNA 
C)  DNA / mRNA 
D)  tRNA / rRNA 
A)  mRNA / tRNA 
B)  tRNA / mRNA 
C)  DNA / mRNA 
D)  tRNA / rRNA

Question 7

You isolate a piece of DNA from a microorganism you cultivated from your teeth. The piece of DNA is 94 kbp in size and is circular. You sequence it and discover that it contains genes for capsule formation, pili, and antibiotic resistance, as well as an origin of replication. What is this piece of DNA and how is it related to the other genetic elements found in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

The piece of DNA is most likely a plasmi

Question 8

Which statement is TRUE regarding protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ribosomal proteins catalyze peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
B)  The 23S rRNA catalyzes peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
C)  Transfer RNAs catalyze peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
D)  Messenger RNA catalyzes peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
A)  Ribosomal proteins catalyze peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
B)  The 23S rRNA catalyzes peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
C)  Transfer RNAs catalyze peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
D)  Messenger RNA catalyzes peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain.

Question 9

The structure and function of a protein are determined by its ________ sequence.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotide 
B)  amino acid 
C)  ribonucleotide 
D)  translocation 
A)  nucleotide 
B)  amino acid 
C)  ribonucleotide 
D)  translocation

Question 10

Speculate on why it can be problematic to copy and express genes from Bacteria into Eukarya.

Accepted Answer

Transcription in Bacteria is quite diffe

Question 11

A triplet of bases on an mRNA molecule is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acid. 
B)  anticodon. 
C)  codon. 
D)  ribosome-binding sequence. 
A)  amino acid. 
B)  anticodon. 
C)  codon. 
D)  ribosome-binding sequence.

Question 12

DNA replication involves the synthesis of an RNA primer on one strand of the DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The precursor of each new nucleotide in a strand of DNA is a

Accepted Answer

A)  deoxynucleoside 5ʹ-diphosphate. 
B)  deoxynucleoside 3ʹ-diphosphate. 
C)  deoxynucleoside 5ʹ-triphosphate. 
D)  deoxynucleoside 3ʹ-triphosphate. 
A)  deoxynucleoside 5ʹ-diphosphate. 
B)  deoxynucleoside 3ʹ-diphosphate. 
C)  deoxynucleoside 5ʹ-triphosphate. 
D)  deoxynucleoside 3ʹ-triphosphate.

Question 14

Many pharmaceutical drugs specifically inhibit transcription in Bacteria but not Archaea or Eukarya. Why would drugs that inhibit transcription only affect Bacteria and not Archaea even though they are both prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaea and Eukarya have very similar ribosomes that are different than bacterial ribosomes. 
B)  Bacteria lack a nucleus. 
C)  Archaea lack operons. 
D)  Archaea and Eukarya have very similar RNA polymerases that are different than bacterial RNA polymerases. 
A)  Archaea and Eukarya have very similar ribosomes that are different than bacterial ribosomes. 
B)  Bacteria lack a nucleus. 
C)  Archaea lack operons. 
D)  Archaea and Eukarya have very similar RNA polymerases that are different than bacterial RNA polymerases.

Question 15

A plasmid is all the genetic material present in a virus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Transcription of chaperones is greatly accelerated when a cell is stressed by

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive osmotic pressure. 
B)  extremes in pH value. 
C)  lack of oxygen. 
D)  excessive heat. 
A)  excessive osmotic pressure. 
B)  extremes in pH value. 
C)  lack of oxygen. 
D)  excessive heat.

Question 17

Explain the role of sigma factors in RNA synthesis in Bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A sigma factor is one of five subunits w

Question 18

Genes found on plasmids do NOT impact metabolism or cellular structures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Explain why GC-rich DNA requires a higher temperature to denture or melt than AT-rich DNA and hypothesize as to why the GC content of chromosomes in microorganisms from different environments varies widely.

Accepted Answer

The overall increase in stability of G-C

Question 20

How is an open reading frame (ORF) identified and used to determine the sequence of amino acids in the gene it encodes for?

Accepted Answer

An ORF is often predicted by identifying

Exam 4: Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

Proteins known as chaperones are found only in Bacteria.

In complementary base pairing of DNA, adenine pairs with ________ (or ________ in RNA) and cytosine always pairs with ________.

An example of correct nucleotide pairing is

DNA-binding proteins interact predominantly within which portion of a double-stranded DNA helix?

tRNA is released from the ribosome at the ________ site.

The codon on the ________ matches with the anticodon on the ________ to direct the addition of the correct amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain.

Which statement is TRUE regarding protein synthesis?

The structure and function of a protein are determined by its ________ sequence.

Speculate on why it can be problematic to copy and express genes from Bacteria into Eukarya.

A triplet of bases on an mRNA molecule is known as a(n)

DNA replication involves the synthesis of an RNA primer on one strand of the DNA.

The precursor of each new nucleotide in a strand of DNA is a

Many pharmaceutical drugs specifically inhibit transcription in Bacteria but not Archaea or Eukarya. Why would drugs that inhibit transcription only affect Bacteria and not Archaea even though they are both prokaryotes?

A plasmid is all the genetic material present in a virus.

Transcription of chaperones is greatly accelerated when a cell is stressed by

Explain the role of sigma factors in RNA synthesis in Bacteria.

Genes found on plasmids do NOT impact metabolism or cellular structures.

Explain why GC-rich DNA requires a higher temperature to denture or melt than AT-rich DNA and hypothesize as to why the GC content of chromosomes in microorganisms from different environments varies widely.

How is an open reading frame (ORF) identified and used to determine the sequence of amino acids in the gene it encodes for?

The Microbial World

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth and Its Control

Microbial Regulatory Systems

Molecular Biology of Microbial Growth

Viruses and Their Replication

Microbial Systems Biology

Viral Genomics, Diversity, and Ecology

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Microbial Eukarya

Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Symbioses with Humans

Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity: Broadly Specific Host Defenses

Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Waterborne and Foodborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungi, Protozoans, and Helminths

Filters

In complementary base pairing of DNA, adenine pairs with (or in RNA) and cytosine always pairs with .

The codon on the matches with the anticodon on the to direct the addition of the correct amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain.