Question 1

Why are some microorganisms specialized to only certain parts of the body? Describe an example that supports your answer.

Accepted Answer

Each organ differs chemically

Question 2

Based upon microbiome projects, the dominant microbial species on the skin is

Accepted Answer

A)  Corynebacterium species. 
B)  Streptococcus species. 
C)  Staphylococcus species. 
D)  Propionibacterium species. 
A)  Corynebacterium species. 
B)  Streptococcus species. 
C)  Staphylococcus species. 
D)  Propionibacterium species.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT true of human gut microbes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The population size is low, but the diversity is high. 
B)  They produce and excrete amino acids. 
C)  They help catabolize polysaccharides. 
D)  They are involved in the "maturing" of the digestive tract. 
A)  The population size is low, but the diversity is high. 
B)  They produce and excrete amino acids. 
C)  They help catabolize polysaccharides. 
D)  They are involved in the "maturing" of the digestive tract.

Question 4

Normal microbiota is usually found in the blood, lymph, and nervous systems of the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What bacteria are important in the human gut and what evidence do we have that specific bacteria present are important for human health?

Accepted Answer

Important phyla in the human gut are Fir

Question 6

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are examples of inflammatory bowel syndromes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Infants born via C-section have

Accepted Answer

A)  fewer Bacteriodes species than those born vaginally. 
B)  approximately 72% of the species present matching those of their mothers. 
C)  relatively less Staphylococcus aureus than those born vaginally. 
D)  fewer Haemophilus influenzae than those born vaginally. 
A)  fewer Bacteriodes species than those born vaginally. 
B)  approximately 72% of the species present matching those of their mothers. 
C)  relatively less Staphylococcus aureus than those born vaginally. 
D)  fewer Haemophilus influenzae than those born vaginally.

Question 8

The upper respiratory tract usually has a considerable amount of resident microflora in a healthy adult.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE about the comparison between the mouse gut and the human gut?

Accepted Answer

A)  The stomach is relatively larger in mice. 
B)  The colon and cecum are relatively larger in mice. 
C)  The small intestine is relatively larger in mice. 
D)  The esophagus and stomach are relatively larger in mice. 
A)  The stomach is relatively larger in mice. 
B)  The colon and cecum are relatively larger in mice. 
C)  The small intestine is relatively larger in mice. 
D)  The esophagus and stomach are relatively larger in mice.

Question 10

What is the role of fecal transplants in medicine?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can provide a healthy microbiota to help treat Clostridium difficle infections. 
B)  They act as prebiotics to encourage healthy microbial growth. 
C)  They remove the unhealthy microbes, allow the individual an opportunity to have recolonization by non-pathogens ingested with food. 
D)  They can be used to treat infections caused by the overgrowth of Lactobacilli. 
A)  They can provide a healthy microbiota to help treat Clostridium difficle infections. 
B)  They act as prebiotics to encourage healthy microbial growth. 
C)  They remove the unhealthy microbes, allow the individual an opportunity to have recolonization by non-pathogens ingested with food. 
D)  They can be used to treat infections caused by the overgrowth of Lactobacilli.

Question 11

The host-microbiome supraorganism refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the human body and all of the microbes found within it, but not those on the external surfaces. 
B)  a nonhuman animal and all of the microbes found within it, but not those on the external surfaces. 
C)  a human body and all of its commensal microbes. 
D)  a body and all of its associated microbes. 
A)  the human body and all of the microbes found within it, but not those on the external surfaces. 
B)  a nonhuman animal and all of the microbes found within it, but not those on the external surfaces. 
C)  a human body and all of its commensal microbes. 
D)  a body and all of its associated microbes.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the interaction between hormones and vaginal microbial diversity?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a direct relationship between estradiol levels and microbial diversity. 
B)  There is an inverse relationship between estradiol levels and microbial diversity. 
C)  There is a direct relationship between luteinizing hormone levels and microbial diversity. 
D)  There is an inverse relationship between luteinizing hormone levels and microbial diversity. 
A)  There is a direct relationship between estradiol levels and microbial diversity. 
B)  There is an inverse relationship between estradiol levels and microbial diversity. 
C)  There is a direct relationship between luteinizing hormone levels and microbial diversity. 
D)  There is an inverse relationship between luteinizing hormone levels and microbial diversity.

Question 13

The use of fecal transplants has dramatically improved outcomes for patients with Clostridium difficile infections.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Ammonia-oxidizing Archaea can be found on the skin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Biofilms in the human mouth primarily contain pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Common probiotics include

Accepted Answer

A)  Bifidobacterium species. 
B)  Clostridium species. 
C)  Escherichia coli. 
D)  Corynebacterium species. 
A)  Bifidobacterium species. 
B)  Clostridium species. 
C)  Escherichia coli. 
D)  Corynebacterium species.

Question 17

The human microbiome contains all

Accepted Answer

A)  organisms present on the skin. 
B)  organisms within the digestive system. 
C)  organisms present in and on the body. 
D)  organisms present on the skin or in the digestive system only. 
A)  organisms present on the skin. 
B)  organisms within the digestive system. 
C)  organisms present in and on the body. 
D)  organisms present on the skin or in the digestive system only.

Question 18

Which of the following is the genus represented by the greatest diversity of phylotypes on the skin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteriodes 
B)  Firmicutes 
C)  Actinobacteria 
D)  Proteobacteria 
A)  Bacteriodes 
B)  Firmicutes 
C)  Actinobacteria 
D)  Proteobacteria

Question 19

More frequent cases of severe C. difficile infection since 2003 is attributed to

Accepted Answer

A)  the emergence of more virulent and toxigenic strains. 
B)  the increased use of probiotics. 
C)  problems with hospital hygiene and increased transmission. 
D)  dietary changes in the human population. 
A)  the emergence of more virulent and toxigenic strains. 
B)  the increased use of probiotics. 
C)  problems with hospital hygiene and increased transmission. 
D)  dietary changes in the human population.

Question 20

Vaginitis commonly results from overgrowth of

Accepted Answer

A)  Candida. 
B)  Trichomonas vaginalis. 
C)  Candida and Trichomonas vaginalis. 
D)  Neither Candida nor Trichomonas vaginalis. 
A)  Candida. 
B)  Trichomonas vaginalis. 
C)  Candida and Trichomonas vaginalis. 
D)  Neither Candida nor Trichomonas vaginalis.

Exam 24: Microbial Symbioses with Humans

Why are some microorganisms specialized to only certain parts of the body? Describe an example that supports your answer.

Based upon microbiome projects, the dominant microbial species on the skin is

Which of the following is NOT true of human gut microbes?

Normal microbiota is usually found in the blood, lymph, and nervous systems of the body.

What bacteria are important in the human gut and what evidence do we have that specific bacteria present are important for human health?

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are examples of inflammatory bowel syndromes.

Infants born via C-section have

The upper respiratory tract usually has a considerable amount of resident microflora in a healthy adult.

Which of the following is TRUE about the comparison between the mouse gut and the human gut?

What is the role of fecal transplants in medicine?

The host-microbiome supraorganism refers to

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the interaction between hormones and vaginal microbial diversity?

The use of fecal transplants has dramatically improved outcomes for patients with Clostridium difficile infections.

Ammonia-oxidizing Archaea can be found on the skin.

Biofilms in the human mouth primarily contain pathogens.

Common probiotics include

The human microbiome contains all

Which of the following is the genus represented by the greatest diversity of phylotypes on the skin?

More frequent cases of severe C. difficile infection since 2003 is attributed to

Vaginitis commonly results from overgrowth of

The Microbial World

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

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Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

Microbial Growth and Its Control

Microbial Regulatory Systems

Molecular Biology of Microbial Growth

Viruses and Their Replication

Microbial Systems Biology

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Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology

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Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

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Diversity of Microbial Eukarya

Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

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