Question 1

Normal microbiota helps to ________ colonization of pathogenic organisms.

Accepted Answer

A)  promote 
B)  prevent 
C)  maintain 
D)  accelerate 
A)  promote 
B)  prevent 
C)  maintain 
D)  accelerate

Question 2

Elderly individuals have greater proportions of Bacteroidetes in their gut microbiota compared with younger individuals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

What is TRUE about stomach microbiota?

Accepted Answer

A)  Few microbes can survive because it is so acidic. 
B)  The alkaline environment supports a wide variety of species. 
C)  Despite the acidic of the stomach, diverse phylotypes of resident microbes thrive in the stomach. 
D)  There is a rich diversity of transient microbes, but few resident microbes. 
A)  Few microbes can survive because it is so acidic. 
B)  The alkaline environment supports a wide variety of species. 
C)  Despite the acidic of the stomach, diverse phylotypes of resident microbes thrive in the stomach. 
D)  There is a rich diversity of transient microbes, but few resident microbes.

Question 4

Methanogenic Archaea are more common in obese humans compared with thin humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the human gut microbiome?

Accepted Answer

A)  production of essential amino acids and vitamins 
B)  production of volatile fatty acids from polysaccharides 
C)  iron and trace metal absorption 
D)  maturation of the gastrointestinal tract 
A)  production of essential amino acids and vitamins 
B)  production of volatile fatty acids from polysaccharides 
C)  iron and trace metal absorption 
D)  maturation of the gastrointestinal tract

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a major question in the Human Microbiome Project?

Accepted Answer

A)  Are differences in the relative abundance of different bacteria important? 
B)  Do differences in the human microbiome correlate with differences in human health? 
C)  Is there a correlation between microbial population structure and host genotype? 
D)  How can we reduce the number of microbes on the human body? 
A)  Are differences in the relative abundance of different bacteria important? 
B)  Do differences in the human microbiome correlate with differences in human health? 
C)  Is there a correlation between microbial population structure and host genotype? 
D)  How can we reduce the number of microbes on the human body?

Question 7

Goblet cells in the intestine secrete mucin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Describe how oral antibiotics can result in the harmful alterations in the microbiota.

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics inhibit the growth of the no

Question 9

A healthy vaginal microbiome is dominated by Candida.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Clostridium difficile commonly develops in hospitalized patients, but is increasingly seen in non-hospitalized patients traditionally considered to be at lower risk.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The human oral microbiota consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  a small group of phylogenetically related aerobic microorganisms. 
B)  diverse aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. 
C)  monoculture biofilms on tooth surfaces. 
D)  the same phyla that are found in the human gut. 
A)  a small group of phylogenetically related aerobic microorganisms. 
B)  diverse aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. 
C)  monoculture biofilms on tooth surfaces. 
D)  the same phyla that are found in the human gut.

Question 12

The presence of Propionibacterium acnes is always associated with inflammatory disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The vagina of an adult female is

Accepted Answer

A)  highly acidic. 
B)  highly alkaline. 
C)  weakly acidic. 
D)  weakly alkaline. 
A)  highly acidic. 
B)  highly alkaline. 
C)  weakly acidic. 
D)  weakly alkaline.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about research on the human microbiome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Advanced nucleic acid sequencing techniques were needed before a good understanding of its microbial abundance and diversity could be developed. 
B)  Culture-dependent techniques fully elucidated its microbial diversity. 
C)  Cultivation was unimportant in studying its microbial diversity. 
D)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  Advanced nucleic acid sequencing techniques were needed before a good understanding of its microbial abundance and diversity could be developed. 
B)  Culture-dependent techniques fully elucidated its microbial diversity. 
C)  Cultivation was unimportant in studying its microbial diversity. 
D)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 15

What is the difference between vaginitis and vaginosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vaginitis is more serious and vaginosis is subclinical. 
B)  Vaginosis is more serious and vaginitis is subclinical. 
C)  Vaginosis occurs first and then develops into vaginitis. 
D)  Vaginosis is an acute infection and vaginitis is always a chronic infection. 
A)  Vaginitis is more serious and vaginosis is subclinical. 
B)  Vaginosis is more serious and vaginitis is subclinical. 
C)  Vaginosis occurs first and then develops into vaginitis. 
D)  Vaginosis is an acute infection and vaginitis is always a chronic infection.

Question 16

Explain how diet plays a role in host susceptibility to infection, focusing on the role of diet in the development of inflammatory bowel disease.

Accepted Answer

Diet alters the normal flora, allowing o

Question 17

A plant-rich diet increases the risk of inflammatory bowel disease, a leaky gut, and inflammation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

All microorganisms that live in the human body are harmful.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Compare the normal microbiota in the male and female urogenital tracts.

Accepted Answer

The male urogenital tract is normally st

Question 20

The human gastrointestinal tract includes all of the following EXCEPT the

Accepted Answer

A)  small intestine. 
B)  stomach. 
C)  large intestine. 
D)  epiglottis. 
A)  small intestine. 
B)  stomach. 
C)  large intestine. 
D)  epiglottis.

Exam 24: Microbial Symbioses with Humans

Normal microbiota helps to ________ colonization of pathogenic organisms.

Elderly individuals have greater proportions of Bacteroidetes in their gut microbiota compared with younger individuals.

What is TRUE about stomach microbiota?

Methanogenic Archaea are more common in obese humans compared with thin humans.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the human gut microbiome?

Which of the following is NOT a major question in the Human Microbiome Project?

Goblet cells in the intestine secrete mucin.

Describe how oral antibiotics can result in the harmful alterations in the microbiota.

A healthy vaginal microbiome is dominated by Candida.

Clostridium difficile commonly develops in hospitalized patients, but is increasingly seen in non-hospitalized patients traditionally considered to be at lower risk.

The human oral microbiota consists of

The presence of Propionibacterium acnes is always associated with inflammatory disease.

The vagina of an adult female is

Which of the following is TRUE about research on the human microbiome?

What is the difference between vaginitis and vaginosis?

Explain how diet plays a role in host susceptibility to infection, focusing on the role of diet in the development of inflammatory bowel disease.

A plant-rich diet increases the risk of inflammatory bowel disease, a leaky gut, and inflammation.

All microorganisms that live in the human body are harmful.

Compare the normal microbiota in the male and female urogenital tracts.

The human gastrointestinal tract includes all of the following EXCEPT the

The Microbial World

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

Microbial Growth and Its Control

Microbial Regulatory Systems

Molecular Biology of Microbial Growth

Viruses and Their Replication

Microbial Systems Biology

Viral Genomics, Diversity, and Ecology

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Microbial Eukarya

Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity: Broadly Specific Host Defenses

Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Waterborne and Foodborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungi, Protozoans, and Helminths

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