Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

A smart political candidate becomes friends with a very popular professional baseball player because she hopes that this will improve her popularity with the voters. This example demonstrates the process of

Jayden is trying to teach his dog some tricks. So every 2 times the dog rolls over, he gives him a doggie treat. Jayden is using a(n)

Although Cathy had successfully extinguished the association between unknown cars and fear for over a month, when she saw an unfamiliar car on her street, she felt fear again. This is an example of _____________.

Zhang really hated flying on those small regional planes with only 20 seats. Over the years, he dislikes flying on almost any plane and would much rather drive to a destination. What happened?

Computer-assisted instruction programs provide immediate feedback to people about their learning and allow people to learn at their own pace. These programs are most strongly associated with which of the following?

The role of ________________ is to conserve energy so that an organism can attend to other more important stimuli, whereas _________________ helps increase the responsiveness of an organism to potentially dangerous stimuli.

A mother has been continually nagging her daughter about how messy her room is. Finally, the daughter gets so tired of her mom's complaints that she cleans her room, thus stopping the nagging of her mother. Given the fact that the withdrawal of the mother's nagging served to strengthen the daughter's room-cleaning behaviour, the mother's nagging would be considered a

Some chemotherapy and radiation therapy patients can become sick minutes or hours before they receive their treatments. In this anticipatory nausea and vomiting response that can occur, initially neutral stimuli, such as needles, the hospital, or the treatment room, become _______ that trigger sickness.

Ellie has migraine headaches on a regular basis. If she lies down as she feels a headache arising, she can prevent a migraine from developing. Her doctor prescribes a new medication that is 95 percent effective in preventing migraines. Ellie takes the medication but also continues to lie down when she feels a migraine coming on. Three months after he writes the prescription, the doctor asks her whether it has helped her. Ellie

If a tone is presented immediately before food, dogs will learn to salivate ____________.

Terry smiles to himself each time he drives past the restaurant where he proposed to Jon, now his husband of several years. Terry's pleasant emotions associated with the restaurant are an example of _____________.

Learned taste aversions were discussed to demonstrate the concept of higher-order conditioning.

Response cost punishment involves which of the following?

There are many examples of training animals to assist humans. Police dogs that are used to locate illegal drugs and pigeons that can peck a signal button when they spot an orange life-jacket in the water both demonstrate application of the principles of ____________.

Tomas really likes chocolate. Every time he eats a piece of chocolate, he gets a warm and fuzzy feeling. Lately, he has noticed that he gets that feeling whenever he enters the candy store to buy some chocolate. Now he really likes the candy store. For Tomas, the chocolate is a(n)

Which of the following statement(s) is/are FALSE?

Food would be considered a _____ reinforcer, while the money used to buy food would be considered a _____ reinforcer.

Stuart has a rather unusual fear _____________. He is afraid of public speaking, but only when he has to make speeches on the weekend. He is a professor and has no trouble speaking in front of large groups of students, and he has made effective presentations at conferences, as long as he presents on a weekday. The specificity of Stuart's fear most clearly demonstrates the process of _____________.

Trevor is taking a learning and memory course. Each student in the class gets a rat to train. They must get their rat to pick up a marble and put it in a hole in a cover in the cage. At first Trevor rewards his rat for sniffing near the marble. Later, he gets the rat to move the marble. Then, the rat is rewarded for moving the marble to the lid that has the hole in it. Next, for putting the marble on top of the lid. Finally, he rewards the rat only when the marble goes into the hole in the lid of the can. This process is called

Which of the following is most strongly related to the concept of instinctive drift?