Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

The researcher Rosenzweig (1984) found that young animals exposed to enriched learning environments with toys and greater opportunities to learn _____________.

John Watson and Rosalie Rayner (1920) conducted experiments with an 11-month-old baby named Albert. Knowing that Albert was afraid of loud noises, they conditioned him to fear a white rat by pairing the presentation of the rat with a loud noise. Though he was initially unafraid of the rat, after several trials, he would cry and become fearful when shown the rat. In this instance, the rat represented the

The concept of instinctual drift refers to

Gavin recently went deep-sea fishing with some friends. Unfortunately, he was extremely seasick the entire time he was on the boat, and now when he sees boats he feels queasy. This is an example of

Sometimes behaviour can't be controlled by conditioning alone, because instinctive behaviours get in the way. For example, researchers have taught raccoons to put coins in a piggybank, but eventually the raccoons don't want to give up the coins after they get them. This biological constraint on learning is called

A patient starts chemotherapy and becomes ill each time after he receives it. After a few weeks of treatment, he develops anticipatory nausea at the mere sight of the waiting room at the hospital. In this instance, the unconditioned stimulus would be considered the _______________.

Summarize Garcia's research on conditioned taste aversion. How does this research challenge some of the basic assumptions of classical conditioning?

An instructor offers exams every 2 weeks throughout the term of her course. As a result, a sizeable percentage of the students in her class study very hard every 2 weeks and do little studying in between. This example is most similar to the partial reinforcement schedule of _________________________.

An animal in a skinner box presses a lever and receives an electric shock. As a result, the lever pressing behaviour decreases. What has happened?

In operant conditioning, a stimulus that is present before the behaviour occurs is a(n) ___________.

A teenager refrains from using profanity when she is around her parents, who ground her when she swears. When her parents aren't around, she often uses "bad language." The suppression of the undesired behaviour doesn't generalize to other relevant situations and this is an example of a limitation of ______________.

Drug additions are often based on stress reduction. Alcohol reduces stress. Smoking reduces anxiety. Continued drug usage is maintained by

Identify two key differences between classical and operant conditioning.

Under which of the following CS-UCS pairing conditions does learning usually occur most quickly?

Joan is trying to potty train her dog. So every time the dog goes outside to the bathroom, she says "good dog" and gives him a treat. Now the dog goes outside just to hear Joan say "good dog". Saying "good dog" can be considered as a

A chef has cooked a delicious dish that they learnt a few weeks ago from watching a television show on the food channel. The chef kept the recipe and the method in their mind from a few days ago until it was time to actually cook the dish, demonstrating _____________.

What evidence led Thorndike to propose the "law of effect"?

You are training an animal to bar press for food. Which of the following schedules would be most resistant to extinction?

A student cries at the professor's office for failing an exam. The professor ignores the crying and the student becomes louder and more vigilant. Eventually, the student stops crying and apologizes for the behaviour. This is an example of which type of reinforcement?

Which of the following provides the best definition of sensitization? It is a(n) ___________________________ stimulus.