Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

What plays a key role in regulating our ability to experience reward?

Tomas really likes chocolate. Every time he eats a piece of chocolate, he gets a warm and fuzzy feeling. Lately, he has noticed that he gets that feeling whenever he enters the candy store to buy some chocolate. Now he really likes the candy store. For Tomas, the warm and fuzzy feeling he gets when he enters the store is a(n)

Generally, punishment that immediately follows a behaviour has ____________________________ when punishment is delayed following a behaviour.

Edward Thorndike based his "law of effect" on which of the following observations?

Mary Cover Jones was a psychologist who was knowledgeable about behaviourist principles. Using the assumption that fear can be classically conditioned, she set out to break the CS-UCS pairing using a technique in which a patient is exposed to a stimulus that arouses anxiety without the presence of the UCS. The modern version of her technique was called _____________.

When first training your dog, you say, "Good dog" and give her a doggie treat every time she lies down the way you want her to. After several learning trials, your dog learns that there is an association between the phrase "Good dog" and the appearance of a doggie treat and she will become excited and salivate each time you use this phrase. In fact, this same phrase can be used without doggie treats to reinforce your dog for learning other tricks. In this example, the phrase "Good dog" is both a

How do learned taste aversions illustrate the concept of preparedness?

Tracy suffered from severe nausea for the first three months of her pregnancy. In order to make it easier on his wife, her husband used to order Chinese take-out food three or four evenings each week. Tracy knew she had to eat in order to nourish the baby so she forced herself to eat the takeout food. When her child was six years old, he wanted to celebrate his birthday at a Chinese restaurant and Tracy became ill at the thought of eating Chinese food. For Tracy, the Chinese food had become so strongly associated with nausea that the association remained all these years later. This taste aversion is an example of

You stay inside on very hot days because you don't want to expose yourself to the heat. By doing so, you don't subject yourself to such problems as sunburns or heatstroke. The learning that has taken place for you is most similar to which of the following?

Which of the following statements about fear conditioning is FALSE?

In a classical conditioning experiment that is utilizing backward pairing, the conditioned stimulus is presented after the __________.

On a __________ schedule, reinforcement is given after an inconstant number of correct responses, all centred on an average.

The fact that people can become more easily addicted to drugs that produce their effects quickly is most relevant to which of the following?

According to operant conditioning, when a consequence strengthens the behaviour it follows then ___________ has occurred.

Amy went to turn off her laptop and got a small shock. So she decided not to touch again for a while. Amy's behaviour reflects

Tomas really likes chocolate. Every time he eats a piece of chocolate, he gets a warm and fuzzy feeling. Lately, he has noticed that he gets that feeling whenever he enters the candy store to buy some chocolate. Now he really likes the candy store. For Tomas, the candy store is a(n)

In classical conditioning, what is the difference between generalization and discrimination? Using dog phobias as a context, provide an example of each. What is higher-order conditioning and how are higher-order CSs different from typical CSs in terms of strength and resistance to extinction?

What is operant conditioning? What is the difference between reinforcement and punishment?

Which of the following two brain structures are most directly involved in acquiring classically conditioned associations?

When Pavlov was conditioning his dogs to salivate in response to a tone, he first paired the tone with the presentation of food until the tone alone could induce salivation. In his experiments, which of the following was considered to be the unconditioned stimulus?