Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

If a parent takes away a toy from a child for the rest of the day every time they say a 'bad' word (e.g. swear), what would this be considered an example of?

Which of the following statements regarding operant extinction is true?

What are the four types of partial reinforcement schedules? Give an example of each.

Define and provide examples for the following four operant conditioning terms: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment.

In Bandura's social-cognitive theory of learning a key motivational factor in learning is self-efficacy. People who are high in self-efficacy believe

Psychologists who focus on how organisms learn and assume that there are general laws of learning that apply to virtually all organisms are called __________________.

Operant extinction, positive punishment, and negative punishment are similar in that they all

According to the cognitive expectancy model, the effectiveness of classical conditioning depends upon how well the CS predicts the UCS.

What is sensitization, and why would you want to sensitize to the repeated presentation of a stimulus?

Animals placed on this schedule of reinforcement often show a pause in responding briefly after being reinforced possibly because they have learned that the next response is never reinforced. This behaviour is indicative of the ____________ schedule of reinforcement.

Raj is training his puppy to fetch a rubber bone each time it is thrown afar, and Raj says "go." The puppy will learn to fetch the bone most quickly with _____________.

You go out for dinner at your favourite restaurant and, much to your dismay, am sick in the night. You find out the next day that none of your friends (who shared your food) got sick. That makes you think it is very unlikely what you experienced was food poisoning. Furthermore, your roommate has the flu, which would be a plausible source of your illness. Unfortunately, the next time you go for dinner at that same restaurant you start feeling sick shortly after stepping through the door (and before actually eating anything!). What is the most likely explanation?

Jenna is a graduate student and invites a number of her international friends to dinner at 8 pm. Mari, her Norwegian friend arrives a bit before 8 with a small gift for her. Kelly, the Canadian, arrives shortly after 8, apologizing for being late. Gabriela, from Argentina, arrives around 9:30 pm. Hanako never arrived even though she said she was coming. The different arrival times demonstrate

A learning process in which the organism learns to associate two stimuli such that a previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response is called

Pavlov determined that a tone triggered salivation more quickly when the size of the _________ was more intense or greater.

Assembly-line workers who receive $20.00 for every five toys that they assemble are working on a

When a response is strengthened by the subsequent presentation of a stimulus, this is called _________.

Hitesh's friends asked him to meet them for dinner, but he has never been to the restaurant they name. He asks where the restaurant is located and is told that it sits at the corner of Main Avenue and State Street. Though he has never been to the corner of Main and State, he knows where both roads are and is able to figure out where the restaurant is. He is using

Psychologists define the general process by which experience produces a relatively enduring change in behaviour or capabilities as _____________________.

A researcher conducted an experiment with rats in which she paired the administration of a drug that boosted the immune system with sweet water. Later, when the drug was removed and the rats continued to receive just the sweet water, the functioning of the rats' immune systems