Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

The unconditioned stimulus and the unconditioned response are similar in that they both are concerned with _____________.

What challenges has the cognitive perspective on learning provided for the standard behavioural interpretation of learning? In your answer, be sure to discuss the relevance of research on animal insight, cognitive maps, and latent learning.

Every time Joan goes to the beach, the wind comes up and blows sand into her eyes. As a result, her eyes water up a bit. Now, whenever she gets near the beach, she starts to cry. For Joan, the crying as she nears the beach is a(n)

Edward Thorndike would most likely have given which of the following explanations for why cats could eventually escape his puzzle box? The cats(') _____________.

If a CR has high stimulus generalization, then it will be triggered by ____________ stimuli(us), whereas if it has high discrimination, it will occur in response to ____________ stimuli(us).

How has knowledge of learned taste aversions been applied to help animals?

Chris is a university student who has a summer job, where she works 40 hours a week making a particular kind of hockey stick. She usually can make 100 hockey sticks in two weeks. Her employer gave her the option of being paid $400 every two weeks for the 80 hours she worked, or being paid $400 for every 100 hockey sticks she made. Chris's pay options correspond to

Research on aversion therapy has yielded mixed results, because the changes produced are often _____________.

Within the field of psychology, _____________ focused on how organisms learn by assuming there are general laws of learning that apply to virtually all organisms.

Researchers in the field of operant conditioning have learned that ____________ reinforcement schedules are more resistant to extinction than ___________ reinforcement schedules.

Albert Bandura's modelling experiment with the "Bobo doll" demonstrated the important difference between

You are conducting an experiment in which you are trying to manipulate the immune response of rats by using the principles of classical conditioning. First for several days of an experiment, you give rats artificially sweetened water with an immune system-enhancing drug in it. You later remove the drug and notice that the immune systems of rats are boosted when they consume the sweetened water. In your experiment, what is the conditioned stimulus (CS)?

A student wants to train their dog, Jupiter, to walk to the television and turn it on with using the nose. The student begins the training by rewarding Jupiter whenever they take a step into the living room. Next, the student rewards Jupiter only when they walk in the direction of the television. Then the student rewards Jupiter only when they walk to the television, and finally rewards Jupiter only when the touch the power button with their paw and turns on the television. The behavioural technique that the student is using to train the dog is called _____________.

Using positive punishment to suppress behaviour can be disadvantageous because it can result in the person being punished avoiding the punisher.

The phenomenon of instinctual drift was introduced to illustrate a limitation of operant conditioning.

According to this perspective of operant conditioning, the best predictor of behaviour is the perceived contingency between a behaviour and its consequences. This is the ___________ perspective of operant conditioning.

There was a case of an 11-year-old girl who was suffering from a disease in which her own immune system attacked her body. To treat her, researchers first paired cod liver oil with an immune-suppressant drug. Later, when she only received pure cod liver oil (without the drug), her immune system still showed the intended impairment. In this instance, the conditioned stimulus would be the

Police dogs that are used to locate illegal drugs at the airport, dogs demonstrate how the principles of _______________ can be used to train animals to assist humans.

Anastasia wants to run and finish a marathon. Every day her trainer measures the distance she is able to run, and even though she is far short of the 26-mile distance of a marathon, Anastasia is praised for her daily runs. Her trainer feels that if he starts with the basic running skill and rewards her smaller efforts, Anastasia will eventually run a successful marathon. Her trainer is addressing her running behaviour by using the principles of ________.

Every time Jeff gets his paycheque, he feels really good. Lately, he has noticed that he has started to like the person who hands him his paycheque every week. From a classical conditioning perspective, the person who hands Jeff his paycheque is a(n)