Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

What evidence led the Brelands to propose the concept of instinctual drift?

The expectancy model was discussed in the context of classical conditioning and it asserted that the key factor in learning is how well the ________.

The process by which a behaviour weakens and eventually disappears because it is no longer reinforced is called

Janice is trying to stop smoking. So her doctor set her up with a device that can detect when she reaches for a cigarette. The device produces a very low-level but annoying electric shock as she wears it. If she does not reach for a cigarette for 1 minute, the shock stops. This treatment is attempting to help Janice by using

Escape and avoidance learning are thought to achieve their impacts on learning primarily through the process of negative reinforcement.

The text discussed an experiment in which rats were exposed to x-rays that were paired with sweet water, a light, and a buzzer. The x-rays made the rats ill and the researchers wanted to know which stimuli would become associated with the illness. The results revealed that the rats avoided only the sweet water. The findings from this experiment were used to demonstrate the concept of ________.

You are conducting a classical conditioning experiment in which you wish to train a dog to jump a fence in response to the ringing of a bell. Assuming that you use electric shock to get the dog to jump, explain how you would set up this experiment. Be sure to use the following labels: CS, CR, UCS, and UCR.

Ben nearly drowned as a child and has since developed a deep fear of not only swimming, but all water in general. When Ben seeks help from Dr. Brown, the first thing Dr. Brown does is take Ben to a swimming pool and force him to get into the water. Dr. Brown is using

Arousal of negative emotions such as fear and anger can inspire the dislike or avoidance of the person administering this consequence. This is a disadvantage of the consequence of ______.

The results from Albert Bandura's classic "Bobo doll" experiment demonstrated the importance of the distinction between primary and secondary reinforcers.

How has operant animal training helped humans?

Provide evidence that supports the "expectancy model" of classical conditioning.

Tomas really likes chocolate. Every time he eats a piece of chocolate, he gets a warm and fuzzy feeling. Lately, he has noticed that he gets that feeling whenever he enters the candy store to buy some chocolate. Now he really likes the candy store. For Tomas, the warm and fuzzy feeling he gets from the chocolate is a(n)

Why would a fine or ticket, payable later, not be very effective for changing behaviour?

A neutral stimulus becomes a CS after being paired with an already established CS during ________________.

If a conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned response will __________ in a process called _________.

When a neural stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus after being paired with another conditioned stimulus then the result of this is called?

How are the concepts of habituation and sensitization the same? How do they differ from one another?

With repeated presentation of a loud tone, the startle response increases in intensity. This is an example of

In order to prevent coyotes from killing ranchers' sheep, pieces of sheep flesh have been laced with lithium chloride, a nausea-inducing drug. It is hoped that the coyote will then associate the nausea with the sheep and become less likely to kill them. This applied research capitalize son the phenomenon of