Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

You are trying to train a dog to salivate at the sound of a tone. Which of the following procedures would be the WORST to use?

In classical conditioning, a behaviour changes because of an association that is learned ________ the behaviour occurs, but in operant conditioning, the behaviour is influenced by events that occur _________ it.

Another name for the process of shaping is

Before pairing an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) with a conditioned stimulus (CS), the CS is considered a(n) _____________.

During the process of extinction, it is not uncommon for a conditioned response to recur if, after a period of time has passed, the conditioned stimulus is presented again. This is known as

Explain how Bandura's experiment illustrates the distinction between learning and performance.

Research suggests that a person would be LEAST likely to develop a phobia of which of the following?

Consider a situation in which a parent has decided to apply the principles of operant conditioning to teach their child good table manners. Their goal is to prepare the child for an upcoming dinner of great importance and they are not concerned about the various implications different schedules have for extinction, they simply want to use whatever reinforcement schedule will produce the fastest rate of learning. What reinforcement schedule should they use?

Which of the following schedules could be described as an FR-1?

Punishment and negative reinforcement are similar in that they both serve to weaken behaviour or make it less likely to occur in the future.

Bobby has arachnophobia (fear of spiders), but he just got an amazing job at the local zoo giving tours. He must take people through the spider exhibit. He has a month to get rid of his fear. Which of the following would represent a typical approach taken in exposure therapy to help him confront his fear?

Which of the following schedules could be described as continuous reinforcement?

Every time Joan goes to the beach, the wind comes up and blows sand into her eyes. As a result, her eyes water up a bit. Now, whenever she gets near the beach, she starts to cry. For Joan, the beach is a(n)

Describe some disadvantages of using positive punishment to control behaviour.

One major way that the CS and UCS are similar is that _____________.

Every time Joan goes to the beach, the wind comes up and blows sand into her eyes. As a result, her eyes water up a bit. Now, whenever she gets near the beach, she starts to cry. In this learning model, the important association is between

The behavioural view of learning is both challenged and questioned by

While conducting research on dog's salivary glands and digestion, Pavlov found that after numerous trials dogs _____________.

Every time Joan goes to the beach, the wind comes up and blows sand into her eyes. As a result, her eyes water up a bit. Now, whenever she gets near the beach, she starts to cry. For Joan, the sand in her eyes is a(n)

In classical conditioning, the key factor is not how often the conditioned stimulus is paired with the unconditioned stimulus, but how well the conditioned stimulus predicts the appearance of the unconditioned stimulus. This is referred to as