Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Alex loves to see his girlfriend smile. When he stops on the way home from the office to pick up a little gift for her, she gets the biggest smile on her face when he gives it to her. According to the principles of operant conditioning, Alex stops to buy her gifts more and more frequently because

A student starts to salivate as they walk into the cafeteria during lunch time. This would be an example of a conditioned response?

How do the concepts of "insight" and "cognitive maps" challenge the behaviourist view of learning?

Getting a paycheque every two weeks is an example of a

Which of the following provides the most direct evidence for the existence of cognitive maps in animals?

Secondary reinforcers become reinforcers by being associated with discriminative stimuli.

You are training an animal using forward short-delay pairing. Which of the following would be the BEST pairing interval?

A high school student is terrified of needle injections. The student has to get a vaccine to start volunteering at the hospital. Every time this student arrives to the hospital, a visceral queasy reaction is felt in their stomach. This would be an example of?

If a candy machine isn't working properly, we can usually figure it out pretty quickly and do not continue to deposit coins into the machine. Because these machines are supposed to operate on a _____________ schedule, it is easier for people to tell when they are not working properly.

A college student failed 1 midterm during their first semester in school. Initially the student was extremely upset about the exam outcome. In the second semester, the same student failed a midterm again but wasn't upset about it. This would an example of habituation.

How do psychologists know that the hypothalamus and neural pathways involving dopamine regulate the ability to experience reward?

Joey likes to watch wrestling on TV, but his mother usually does not allow him to do this. However, Joey has noticed that when his mom has a bad day at work and gets very tired, she usually doesn't mind if he watches wrestling. As a result, Joey usually will only ask to watch wrestling if his mother has had a hard day at work. In this instance, the kind of day that Joey's mother has at work would be considered a

You are watching a rat press a bar in a Skinner box. As you look at the cumulative record, you notice that there are significant pauses in responding after reinforcement is delivered. The pauses are flat. The rat does not respond at all for about 10 seconds, then he presses the bar at a very high rate. What kind of schedule is the rat being trained on?

You use a ______________ schedule of reinforcement when you are teaching someone to do something new. You use a ______________ schedule of reinforcement after they have learned a behaviour and you want to maintain it.

Using his special chamber, Skinner found that rats would display a behaviour, such as pressing a lever, more frequently if a food pellet was provided following that behaviour. The food pellet acts as a(n) _____________.

Animals appear to be biologically prewired to easily learn behaviour that is related to their survival as a species because of evolutionary forces. This is referred to as _____________.

This type of conditioning occurs when an organism learns to prevent exposure to an aversive stimulus altogether. This is ___________ conditioning.

Gavin recently went deep-sea fishing with some friends. Unfortunately, he was extremely seasick the entire time he was on the boat, and now when he sees boats he feels queasy. In this situation, the conditioned stimulus is the

The first correct response that occurs after a set amount of time is reinforced is following a ______________________ schedule.

On her 12^th birthday, Juanita ate cake and then felt nauseous due to the flu. Since then, Juanita begins to feel sick whenever she sees a cake. Juanita also feels sick whenever she sees cupcakes or cookies. The CS has ___________ to the other treats.