Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Karen's boyfriend gets very excited whenever he smells pizza as he walks by the pizza place where she works because whether Karen is working then or not, he still associates the place with Karen. Which of the following correctly identify the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus?

In the anticipatory nausea and vomiting response that can occur with patients receiving cancer treatment, initially neutral stimuli, such as needles, the hospital, or the treatment room, become _____________ that trigger sickness.

Sharon works very hard at her job in order to earn attention and approval from her boss. She is responsible for a weekly sales report draft and puts in tremendous effort to be sure she has it on his desk every Friday by 9:00 am. Sometimes her boss is pleased at her promptness and rewards Sharon by treating her to lunch. Many weeks this does not happen and her boss barely seems to notice the punctual delivery of the report. Even though her boss ignores her extra efforts on most weeks, Sharon _____________.

In the Skinner box, the behaviour of rats would __________ in frequency if given food pellets and __________ in frequency if given electric shocks.

Which perspective in psychology assumes that the laws of learning apply to virtually all organisms, and therefore studies learning in animals such as rats and pigeons to learn more about humans?

Joan is trying to potty train her dog. So every time the dog goes outside to the bathroom, she says "good dog" and gives him a treat. The treat can be considered as a

How do biology and learning influence each other?

Five-year-old Anais has foolishly covered her arms in masking tape. As her mother starts to remove the tape, little Anais cries harder and harder as the removal of tape becomes more and more painful over time. This would be an example of _______.

Seven-year old Pat does not like to eat broccoli and does not like to clean his room. Pat's mother tells him that if he eats all his broccoli at dinner tonight then he will not have to clean his room tonight. In her effort to have Pat eat broccoli, Pat's mother is attempting to apply the process of

Generally, reinforcement that immediately follows a behaviour has _____________________________________ when reinforcement is delayed following a behaviour.

Edward Tolman's research on how rats performed in mazes provided powerful evidence suggesting that

If a candy machine isn't working properly, in general, people usually do not continue to deposit coins into the machine. It is easier for people to tell when they are not working properly because these machines are supposed to operate on a _____________ schedule.

Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which behaviour is influenced by its consequences.

Rats learned food aversions and preferences by watching other rats. This type of learning is called

A student works as a packer at an apple orchard. The rate of pay is based on the number of boxes the student packs in an hour. This is an example of a ____________ payment schedule.

Amy went to turn off her laptop and got a small shock. When she touched it again the shock felt stronger. Assuming that the shock was actually at the same intensity, how might we explain this?

Once an avoidance response has been learned, it usually _____________.

The key factor in determining whether or not extinction will occur is _____________.

In classical conditioning experiments, learning is typically fastest when the unconditioned stimulus is intense and the time interval between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is ______.

In classical conditioning, discrimination refers to how