Question 1

According to the learning perspective, what accounts for a child's early speech?

Accepted Answer

A) The language acquisition device is triggered. 
B) The parents selectively reinforce aspects of babbling that resemble words. 
C) The child's frontal lobes are now fully mature. 
D) The child has mastered the basic syntax of his or her native language. 
A) The language acquisition device is triggered. 
B) The parents selectively reinforce aspects of babbling that resemble words. 
C) The child's frontal lobes are now fully mature. 
D) The child has mastered the basic syntax of his or her native language.

Question 2

Which of the following observations has been interpreted as providing compelling support for a nativist perspective of language development?

Accepted Answer

A) the emergence and use of pidgin languages by adults in multicultural communities 
B) the ability of chimpanzees to acquire as many as 100 American Sign Language gestures 
C) the ability for young animals of a variety of mammalian species to make subtle auditory discriminations 
D) the use of linguistic universals that are evident in early language development 
A) the emergence and use of pidgin languages by adults in multicultural communities 
B) the ability of chimpanzees to acquire as many as 100 American Sign Language gestures 
C) the ability for young animals of a variety of mammalian species to make subtle auditory discriminations 
D) the use of linguistic universals that are evident in early language development

Question 3

Distinguish between receptive language and productive language.

Accepted Answer

Receptive language and productive langua

Question 4

Which of the following best summarizes current research findings regarding the role of imitation in syntax acquisition?

Accepted Answer

A) It is central for the acquisition of syntactic knowledge. 
B) It facilitates acquisition of syntactic knowledge, but it is not essential. 
C) The more imitation a child displays, the more advanced his or her syntactic structures will be. 
D) Imitation is not as important to the development of syntax as reinforcement. 
A) It is central for the acquisition of syntactic knowledge. 
B) It facilitates acquisition of syntactic knowledge, but it is not essential. 
C) The more imitation a child displays, the more advanced his or her syntactic structures will be. 
D) Imitation is not as important to the development of syntax as reinforcement.

Question 5

What is the term for the assumption that words label categories of similar objects that share common perceptual features?

Accepted Answer

A) object scope constraint 
B) category constraint 
C) taxonomic constraint 
D) lexical contrast constraint 
A) object scope constraint 
B) category constraint 
C) taxonomic constraint 
D) lexical contrast constraint

Question 6

Describe Werker's research on infant language acquisition.Discuss what she and her colleagues suggest may account for the dramatic development in word-learning ability between 18 and 24 months.

Accepted Answer

Werker's research on infant language acq

Question 7

Which of the following best characterizes vocabulary development after infants speak their first word?

Accepted Answer

A) Vocabulary growth is slow for several months and then speeds up dramatically. 
B) Vocabulary immediately grows at an extremely rapid rate. 
C) No further vocabulary growth takes place until the child is nearly 18 months of age. 
D) Further increases in vocabulary occur at a slow, steady pace. 
A) Vocabulary growth is slow for several months and then speeds up dramatically. 
B) Vocabulary immediately grows at an extremely rapid rate. 
C) No further vocabulary growth takes place until the child is nearly 18 months of age. 
D) Further increases in vocabulary occur at a slow, steady pace.

Question 8

Which type of sentences are parents most likely to respond to and reinforce when a child is first learning to speak?

Accepted Answer

A) those that are grammatically correct, even if those same sentences are factually incorrect 
B) those that are both grammatically and factually correct 
C) those that are factually correct, even if those same sentences are grammatically incorrect 
D) those that are pronounced clearly and accurately 
A) those that are grammatically correct, even if those same sentences are factually incorrect 
B) those that are both grammatically and factually correct 
C) those that are factually correct, even if those same sentences are grammatically incorrect 
D) those that are pronounced clearly and accurately

Question 9

When a child learns that saying "please" to grandma with a smile will get him a cookie, what aspect of language knowledge has the child acquired?

Accepted Answer

A) phonology 
B) syntax 
C) semantics 
D) pragmatics 
A) phonology 
B) syntax 
C) semantics 
D) pragmatics

Question 10

What does the neonates' ability to discriminate speech sounds and to recognize their mothers' voices imply about their language capabilities?

Accepted Answer

A) They have a language-acquisition device as Chomsky maintained. 
B) They are using intonation as a basis for sound discrimination. 
C) They will begin babbling within the first few days after birth. 
D) They have innate capabilities needed to begin the language learning process. 
A) They have a language-acquisition device as Chomsky maintained. 
B) They are using intonation as a basis for sound discrimination. 
C) They will begin babbling within the first few days after birth. 
D) They have innate capabilities needed to begin the language learning process.

Question 11

Which of the following accomplishments of middle childhood is due to increases in morphological knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A) production of more complex passive and conditional sentences 
B) better detection of ambiguities or the absence of important information in conversations 
C) analysis of the structure and meaning of unfamiliar words 
D) adjustments to their speech to the listener's level of understanding 
A) production of more complex passive and conditional sentences 
B) better detection of ambiguities or the absence of important information in conversations 
C) analysis of the structure and meaning of unfamiliar words 
D) adjustments to their speech to the listener's level of understanding

Question 12

When do infants first show a preference for the sound pattern of the language that their mother speaks?

Accepted Answer

A) prenatally 
B) within a few days of birth 
C) at about 2 months of age, when they begin to make cooing sounds 
D) at about 10 months of age, when foreign phonemes disappear from their babbling 
A) prenatally 
B) within a few days of birth 
C) at about 2 months of age, when they begin to make cooing sounds 
D) at about 10 months of age, when foreign phonemes disappear from their babbling

Question 13

Which type of language knowledge has been acquired when a child knows how to take turns in a conversation and adjusts his or her vocabulary to fit the listener's needs?

Accepted Answer

A) phonological 
B) semantic 
C) syntactic 
D) pragmatic 
A) phonological 
B) semantic 
C) syntactic 
D) pragmatic

Question 14

When Petrov told his 3-year-old sister that "I hit the bat that flew into the attic with my baseball bat," his sister was very confused and wondered how the long wooden stick that her brother often carried could possibly fly.When Petrov's sister can recognize that the word bat can have two different meanings, what aspect of language knowledge will she have acquired?

Accepted Answer

A) phonology 
B) syntax 
C) pragmatics 
D) semantics 
A) phonology 
B) syntax 
C) pragmatics 
D) semantics

Question 15

List three characteristics that are typical in child-directed speech (or motherese).

Accepted Answer

Child-directed speech, also known as mot

Question 16

When a child advances from utterances such as "No he going" to "He's not going," what aspect of language knowledge has he or she acquired?

Accepted Answer

A) morphology 
B) syntax 
C) semantics 
D) pragmatics 
A) morphology 
B) syntax 
C) semantics 
D) pragmatics

Question 17

Which of the following best characterizes the acquisition of sign language by the deaf children of deaf parents?

Accepted Answer

A) They begin acquiring signs much later than hearing children begin acquiring words. 
B) They proceed through babbling, holophrastic, and telegraphic stages just as hearing children do. 
C) They acquire sign language readily, but it makes learning oral communication more difficult later and is, therefore, not recommended by many educators today. 
D) They begin acquiring signs nearly six months earlier than hearing children begin acquiring words. 
A) They begin acquiring signs much later than hearing children begin acquiring words. 
B) They proceed through babbling, holophrastic, and telegraphic stages just as hearing children do. 
C) They acquire sign language readily, but it makes learning oral communication more difficult later and is, therefore, not recommended by many educators today. 
D) They begin acquiring signs nearly six months earlier than hearing children begin acquiring words.

Question 18

Which theory of language development emphasizes the processes of imitation and reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) learning theory 
B) Chomsky's theory 
C) nativist theory 
D) language-making capacity 
A) learning theory 
B) Chomsky's theory 
C) nativist theory 
D) language-making capacity

Question 19

Suppose that you overhear a 5-year-old child talking to her 2-year-old brother and then a bit later to her mother.You notice that she spoke to her 2-year-old brother more slowly and with a less sophisticated vocabulary.What aspect of language knowledge does her change in speech style reflect?

Accepted Answer

A) phonology 
B) semantics 
C) syntax 
D) pragmatics 
A) phonology 
B) semantics 
C) syntax 
D) pragmatics

Question 20

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings of Nelson regarding the type of words that infants were first to use?

Accepted Answer

A) action words 
B) question words 
C) object words 
D) a random mixture of action words and questions 
A) action words 
B) question words 
C) object words 
D) a random mixture of action words and questions

According to the learning perspective, what accounts for a child's early speech?

Which of the following observations has been interpreted as providing compelling support for a nativist perspective of language development?

Distinguish between receptive language and productive language.

Which of the following best summarizes current research findings regarding the role of imitation in syntax acquisition?

What is the term for the assumption that words label categories of similar objects that share common perceptual features?

Describe Werker's research on infant language acquisition.Discuss what she and her colleagues suggest may account for the dramatic development in word-learning ability between 18 and 24 months.

Which of the following best characterizes vocabulary development after infants speak their first word?

Which type of sentences are parents most likely to respond to and reinforce when a child is first learning to speak?

When a child learns that saying "please" to grandma with a smile will get him a cookie, what aspect of language knowledge has the child acquired?

What does the neonates' ability to discriminate speech sounds and to recognize their mothers' voices imply about their language capabilities?

Which of the following accomplishments of middle childhood is due to increases in morphological knowledge?

When do infants first show a preference for the sound pattern of the language that their mother speaks?

Which type of language knowledge has been acquired when a child knows how to take turns in a conversation and adjusts his or her vocabulary to fit the listener's needs?

List three characteristics that are typical in child-directed speech (or motherese).

When a child advances from utterances such as "No he going" to "He's not going," what aspect of language knowledge has he or she acquired?

Which of the following best characterizes the acquisition of sign language by the deaf children of deaf parents?

Which theory of language development emphasizes the processes of imitation and reinforcement?

Suppose that you overhear a 5-year-old child talking to her 2-year-old brother and then a bit later to her mother.You notice that she spoke to her 2-year-old brother more slowly and with a less sophisticated vocabulary.What aspect of language knowledge does her change in speech style reflect?

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings of Nelson regarding the type of words that infants were first to use?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters

Exam 11: Development of Language and Communication Skills

According to the learning perspective, what accounts for a child's early speech?

Which of the following observations has been interpreted as providing compelling support for a nativist perspective of language development?

Distinguish between receptive language and productive language.

Which of the following best summarizes current research findings regarding the role of imitation in syntax acquisition?

What is the term for the assumption that words label categories of similar objects that share common perceptual features?

Describe Werker's research on infant language acquisition.Discuss what she and her colleagues suggest may account for the dramatic development in word-learning ability between 18 and 24 months.

Which of the following best characterizes vocabulary development after infants speak their first word?

Which type of sentences are parents most likely to respond to and reinforce when a child is first learning to speak?

When a child learns that saying "please" to grandma with a smile will get him a cookie, what aspect of language knowledge has the child acquired?

What does the neonates' ability to discriminate speech sounds and to recognize their mothers' voices imply about their language capabilities?

Which of the following accomplishments of middle childhood is due to increases in morphological knowledge?

When do infants first show a preference for the sound pattern of the language that their mother speaks?

Which type of language knowledge has been acquired when a child knows how to take turns in a conversation and adjusts his or her vocabulary to fit the listener's needs?

List three characteristics that are typical in child-directed speech (or motherese).

When a child advances from utterances such as "No he going" to "He's not going," what aspect of language knowledge has he or she acquired?

Which of the following best characterizes the acquisition of sign language by the deaf children of deaf parents?

Which theory of language development emphasizes the processes of imitation and reinforcement?

Suppose that you overhear a 5-year-old child talking to her 2-year-old brother and then a bit later to her mother.You notice that she spoke to her 2-year-old brother more slowly and with a less sophisticated vocabulary.What aspect of language knowledge does her change in speech style reflect?

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings of Nelson regarding the type of words that infants were first to use?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters