Question 1

Children younger than 9 or 10 years of age would have the most difficulty interpreting which of the following passive-voice sentences?

Accepted Answer

A) The yellow car was hit by the green car. 
B) The tiny kitten was hit by the green car. 
C) The yellow car was washed by the two boys. 
D) The red-haired boy was chased by the brown horse. 
A) The yellow car was hit by the green car. 
B) The tiny kitten was hit by the green car. 
C) The yellow car was washed by the two boys. 
D) The red-haired boy was chased by the brown horse.

Question 2

Contrast a referential style with an expressive style of early language use.

Accepted Answer

A referential style of early language us

Question 3

What does the morphology of a language refer to?

Accepted Answer

A) the basic sounds that make up a language 
B) the expression of meaning 
C) the rules that specify how words are combined to form meaningful phrases 
D) the rules governing the formation of meaningful words from sounds 
A) the basic sounds that make up a language 
B) the expression of meaning 
C) the rules that specify how words are combined to form meaningful phrases 
D) the rules governing the formation of meaningful words from sounds

Question 4

Maria uses the Italian word for soup when conversing in English with her English-speaking grandparents.What does this represent?

Accepted Answer

A) morphological understanding 
B) code-mixing 
C) an underextension 
D) an overregularization 
A) morphological understanding 
B) code-mixing 
C) an underextension 
D) an overregularization

Question 5

When do infants first show a preference for speech that contains natural breaks and pauses?

Accepted Answer

A) birth 
B) 2 months of age 
C) 7 months of age 
D) 15 months of age 
A) birth 
B) 2 months of age 
C) 7 months of age 
D) 15 months of age

Question 6

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings regarding communication effectiveness in younger children?

Accepted Answer

A) They are often more effective than older children because they do not make assumptions about what others know and are more detailed in their descriptions. 
B) They are incapable of inferring the needs of their listeners. 
C) They are better than older children at capturing the essence of an object or situation and communicating well with fewer words. 
D) They show some awareness of the needs of their listeners; however, their ability to do so improves markedly over childhood. 
A) They are often more effective than older children because they do not make assumptions about what others know and are more detailed in their descriptions. 
B) They are incapable of inferring the needs of their listeners. 
C) They are better than older children at capturing the essence of an object or situation and communicating well with fewer words. 
D) They show some awareness of the needs of their listeners; however, their ability to do so improves markedly over childhood.

Question 7

Linguistic universals are a joint product of which processes?

Accepted Answer

A) biological maturation, the language acquisition device, cognitive development, and the linguistic environment 
B) biological maturation, cognitive development, and the linguistic environment 
C) the language acquisition device and cognitive development 
D) biological maturation and the language acquisition device 
A) biological maturation, the language acquisition device, cognitive development, and the linguistic environment 
B) biological maturation, cognitive development, and the linguistic environment 
C) the language acquisition device and cognitive development 
D) biological maturation and the language acquisition device

Question 8

Discuss how the four central developmental themes of the textbook relate to the issue of language and communication.

Accepted Answer

The four central developmental themes of

Question 9

What have studies of the acquisition of questions and negatives shown?

Accepted Answer

A) Children do not typically produce utterances containing question words or negative markers until near school age. 
B) They are produced only after children have perfected auxiliary verbs and verb endings. 
C) Negative and question words emerge during the holophrastic stage. 
D) Initially children use a wh- questions or negative markers (no, not) during the early telegraphic period. 
A) Children do not typically produce utterances containing question words or negative markers until near school age. 
B) They are produced only after children have perfected auxiliary verbs and verb endings. 
C) Negative and question words emerge during the holophrastic stage. 
D) Initially children use a wh- questions or negative markers (no, not) during the early telegraphic period.

Question 10

Which of the following best defines an object scope constraint?

Accepted Answer

A) Words refer to whole objects rather than to parts of objects or to object attributes. 
B) Each object has one label, and different words refer to separate, nonoverlapping categories. 
C) Each word has a unique meaning. 
D) Novel words refer to previously unnamed referents. 
A) Words refer to whole objects rather than to parts of objects or to object attributes. 
B) Each object has one label, and different words refer to separate, nonoverlapping categories. 
C) Each word has a unique meaning. 
D) Novel words refer to previously unnamed referents.

Question 11

According to the empiricist perspective, how do children develop language skills?

Accepted Answer

A) through reinforcement, shaping, and imitation 
B) from the maturation of their language acquisition device 
C) as their information-processing skills improve 
D) only after myelinization is complete in the temporal lobes of the brain 
A) through reinforcement, shaping, and imitation 
B) from the maturation of their language acquisition device 
C) as their information-processing skills improve 
D) only after myelinization is complete in the temporal lobes of the brain

Question 12

Outline the interactionist perspective of language development.

Accepted Answer

The interactionist perspective of langua

Question 13

Based upon current research evidence, what effect do interactions with linguistically immature siblings have on a child's language development?

Accepted Answer

A) They interfere with the development of effective communication. 
B) They promote the development of effective communication. 
C) They have little, if any, impact on effective communication skills. 
D) They promote the development of syntax but not vocabulary. 
A) They interfere with the development of effective communication. 
B) They promote the development of effective communication. 
C) They have little, if any, impact on effective communication skills. 
D) They promote the development of syntax but not vocabulary.

Question 14

In one experiment, children were asked to "argue" with a puppet by transforming all the puppet's statements into negative forms.What were the results of this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) Children did not use negative auxiliaries correctly until the elementary school years. 
B) Preschoolers could convey nonexistence but not denial or rejection. 
C) Most preschoolers could use a wide variety of negative auxiliaries. 
D) Preschoolers could convey denial or rejection but not nonexistence. 
A) Children did not use negative auxiliaries correctly until the elementary school years. 
B) Preschoolers could convey nonexistence but not denial or rejection. 
C) Most preschoolers could use a wide variety of negative auxiliaries. 
D) Preschoolers could convey denial or rejection but not nonexistence.

Question 15

What does research on factors predicting reading achievement in 5- to 6-year-olds suggest about reading readiness?

Accepted Answer

A) Having had literary experiences such as stories read to them is the best predictor of reading readiness and later achievement. 
B) Some degree of metalinguistic awareness may be necessary before a child can learn to read. 
C) Metalinguistic awareness is not a prerequisite for learning to read. 
D) The best predictor of reading readiness is a child's level of pragmatic skills. 
A) Having had literary experiences such as stories read to them is the best predictor of reading readiness and later achievement. 
B) Some degree of metalinguistic awareness may be necessary before a child can learn to read. 
C) Metalinguistic awareness is not a prerequisite for learning to read. 
D) The best predictor of reading readiness is a child's level of pragmatic skills.

Question 16

What would an interactionist theorist place the most emphasis on in guiding language development?

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive development and the language acquisition device 
B) the language acquisition device and biological maturation 
C) cognitive development and biological maturation 
D) cognitive development, biological maturation, and the language environment 
A) cognitive development and the language acquisition device 
B) the language acquisition device and biological maturation 
C) cognitive development and biological maturation 
D) cognitive development, biological maturation, and the language environment

Question 17

David uses the Cree word for blanket when conversing in English with his English-speaking grandparents.What does this represent?

Accepted Answer

A) code-mixing 
B) an overregularization 
C) an underextension 
D) morphological misunderstanding 
A) code-mixing 
B) an overregularization 
C) an underextension 
D) morphological misunderstanding

Question 18

Identify two types of response that might be made to a child's ungrammatical speech, and provide an example to illustrate each type of response.

Accepted Answer

One type of response to a child's ungram

Question 19

Three-year-old Petrov knows the word doggie.When he and his mother take their dog to the veterinarian, she tells Petrov that his "poodle is very sick." If Petrov understands that this new word poodle refers to a kind of dog, what is he using to infer the meaning of the new word?

Accepted Answer

A) the lexical contrast constraint 
B) the category constraint 
C) the object scope constraint 
D) the taxonomic constraint 
A) the lexical contrast constraint 
B) the category constraint 
C) the object scope constraint 
D) the taxonomic constraint

Question 20

Which of the following best describes an underextension of word meaning?

Accepted Answer

A) A child uses a word incorrectly to describe a wide variety of objects or events. 
B) A child knows more than one word for the same object or event. 
C) A child uses a general word to refer to a small range of objects or events. 
D) A child attempts to describe an object or event that he or she has never seen. 
A) A child uses a word incorrectly to describe a wide variety of objects or events. 
B) A child knows more than one word for the same object or event. 
C) A child uses a general word to refer to a small range of objects or events. 
D) A child attempts to describe an object or event that he or she has never seen.

Children younger than 9 or 10 years of age would have the most difficulty interpreting which of the following passive-voice sentences?

Contrast a referential style with an expressive style of early language use.

What does the morphology of a language refer to?

Maria uses the Italian word for soup when conversing in English with her English-speaking grandparents.What does this represent?

When do infants first show a preference for speech that contains natural breaks and pauses?

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings regarding communication effectiveness in younger children?

Linguistic universals are a joint product of which processes?

Discuss how the four central developmental themes of the textbook relate to the issue of language and communication.

What have studies of the acquisition of questions and negatives shown?

Which of the following best defines an object scope constraint?

According to the empiricist perspective, how do children develop language skills?

Outline the interactionist perspective of language development.

Based upon current research evidence, what effect do interactions with linguistically immature siblings have on a child's language development?

In one experiment, children were asked to "argue" with a puppet by transforming all the puppet's statements into negative forms.What were the results of this experiment?

What does research on factors predicting reading achievement in 5- to 6-year-olds suggest about reading readiness?

What would an interactionist theorist place the most emphasis on in guiding language development?

David uses the Cree word for blanket when conversing in English with his English-speaking grandparents.What does this represent?

Identify two types of response that might be made to a child's ungrammatical speech, and provide an example to illustrate each type of response.

Three-year-old Petrov knows the word doggie.When he and his mother take their dog to the veterinarian, she tells Petrov that his "poodle is very sick." If Petrov understands that this new word poodle refers to a kind of dog, what is he using to infer the meaning of the new word?

Which of the following best describes an underextension of word meaning?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters

Exam 11: Development of Language and Communication Skills

Children younger than 9 or 10 years of age would have the most difficulty interpreting which of the following passive-voice sentences?

Contrast a referential style with an expressive style of early language use.

What does the morphology of a language refer to?

Maria uses the Italian word for soup when conversing in English with her English-speaking grandparents.What does this represent?

When do infants first show a preference for speech that contains natural breaks and pauses?

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings regarding communication effectiveness in younger children?

Linguistic universals are a joint product of which processes?

Discuss how the four central developmental themes of the textbook relate to the issue of language and communication.

What have studies of the acquisition of questions and negatives shown?

Which of the following best defines an object scope constraint?

According to the empiricist perspective, how do children develop language skills?

Outline the interactionist perspective of language development.

Based upon current research evidence, what effect do interactions with linguistically immature siblings have on a child's language development?

In one experiment, children were asked to "argue" with a puppet by transforming all the puppet's statements into negative forms.What were the results of this experiment?

What does research on factors predicting reading achievement in 5- to 6-year-olds suggest about reading readiness?

What would an interactionist theorist place the most emphasis on in guiding language development?

David uses the Cree word for blanket when conversing in English with his English-speaking grandparents.What does this represent?

Identify two types of response that might be made to a child's ungrammatical speech, and provide an example to illustrate each type of response.

Three-year-old Petrov knows the word doggie.When he and his mother take their dog to the veterinarian, she tells Petrov that his "poodle is very sick." If Petrov understands that this new word poodle refers to a kind of dog, what is he using to infer the meaning of the new word?

Which of the following best describes an underextension of word meaning?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters