Question 1

Which of the following best characterizes the timing and duration of active language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

A) It proceeds most rapidly during the preschool years but continues throughout childhood and adolescence. 
B) It occurs remarkably quickly, so that by 5 years of age the process is complete (except for adding vocabulary). 
C) It is a slow, gradual process until children reach school age, when the pace of acquisition greatly accelerates because of language arts instruction. 
D) It is a slow, gradual process that continues into adolescence. 
A) It proceeds most rapidly during the preschool years but continues throughout childhood and adolescence. 
B) It occurs remarkably quickly, so that by 5 years of age the process is complete (except for adding vocabulary). 
C) It is a slow, gradual process until children reach school age, when the pace of acquisition greatly accelerates because of language arts instruction. 
D) It is a slow, gradual process that continues into adolescence.

Question 2

Which Piagetian concept is illustrated by a toddler's overextension of words to describe new objects and events that he or she encounters?

Accepted Answer

A) organization 
B) assimilation 
C) egocentric speech 
D) accommodation 
A) organization 
B) assimilation 
C) egocentric speech 
D) accommodation

Question 3

Suppose you make a preposterous request to a child, such as saying "Bring me the moon." Around what age are children first likely to question the feasibility of the request?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 years 
B) 5 years 
C) 7 years 
D) 11 years 
A) 3 years 
B) 5 years 
C) 7 years 
D) 11 years

Question 4

According to Nelson, which of the following would most likely be among an infant's first words?

Accepted Answer

A) go, up, bye-bye 
B) stove, table, door 
C) big, hot, mine 
D) car, bus, doggie 
A) go, up, bye-bye 
B) stove, table, door 
C) big, hot, mine 
D) car, bus, doggie

Question 5

When comparing language production and language comprehension, what general pattern of development has been revealed?

Accepted Answer

A) There is no general pattern because production and comprehension each depend on the specific item or syntactic structure being considered. 
B) Production and comprehension generally proceed at about the same rate. 
C) Production is typically ahead of comprehension. 
D) Comprehension is typically ahead of production. 
A) There is no general pattern because production and comprehension each depend on the specific item or syntactic structure being considered. 
B) Production and comprehension generally proceed at about the same rate. 
C) Production is typically ahead of comprehension. 
D) Comprehension is typically ahead of production.

Question 6

List six functions of children's two-word sentences, and provide an example that illustrates each type of sentence.

Accepted Answer

1. Requesting: Children use two-word sen

Question 7

Which theory best accounts for the apparent ease of language acquisition in infancy and early childhood?

Accepted Answer

A) nativist 
B) sociocultural 
C) learning 
D) information-processing 
A) nativist 
B) sociocultural 
C) learning 
D) information-processing

Question 8

Suppose the mother of a young infant claimed that she could keep her baby in a happy mood just by maintaining one kind of rhythmic intonation.Based upon research evidence, how likely is this mother's claim?

Accepted Answer

A) It is not very likely, because intonation is one of the last aspects of language to be acquired. 
B) It is not very likely, because infants show no differential response to adult intonation until they are capable of producing a variety of intonational patterns themselves. 
C) It is very likely, because infants show discrimination of intonational patterns very early and seem to recognize that they carry different meanings. 
D) It is very likely, because infants show remarkably adult intonation patterns themselves within the first week of life. 
A) It is not very likely, because intonation is one of the last aspects of language to be acquired. 
B) It is not very likely, because infants show no differential response to adult intonation until they are capable of producing a variety of intonational patterns themselves. 
C) It is very likely, because infants show discrimination of intonational patterns very early and seem to recognize that they carry different meanings. 
D) It is very likely, because infants show remarkably adult intonation patterns themselves within the first week of life.

Question 9

Babbling refers to which type of vocalization?

Accepted Answer

A) changes of intonation to signify different kinds of discomfort 
B) consonant and vowel combinations 
C) first words, but with incorrect pronunciation 
D) combinations of vowel sounds 
A) changes of intonation to signify different kinds of discomfort 
B) consonant and vowel combinations 
C) first words, but with incorrect pronunciation 
D) combinations of vowel sounds

Question 10

As children move beyond the telegraphic period into more sophisticated use of grammar, morphemes such as -ing and -s are acquired before morphemes such as -ed and -'s.What does Brown attribute this order to?

Accepted Answer

A) The morphemes -ing and -s are used more frequently by adults. 
B) The morphemes -ing and -s are less semantically complex. 
C) The morphemes -ing and -s are phonetically easier to pronounce. 
D) The morphemes -ing and -s are both verb transformations, which are typically mastered prior to noun transformations. 
A) The morphemes -ing and -s are used more frequently by adults. 
B) The morphemes -ing and -s are less semantically complex. 
C) The morphemes -ing and -s are phonetically easier to pronounce. 
D) The morphemes -ing and -s are both verb transformations, which are typically mastered prior to noun transformations.

Question 11

Outline two ways in which siblings may help to promote the growth of communication skills.

Accepted Answer

Siblings can play a significant role in

Question 12

In addition to promoting first-language skills, what results from the instruction for minority children in their native language?

Accepted Answer

A) It interferes with future language learning. 
B) It makes the children feel stigmatized. 
C) It negatively affects academic achievement. 
D) It promotes academic achievement. 
A) It interferes with future language learning. 
B) It makes the children feel stigmatized. 
C) It negatively affects academic achievement. 
D) It promotes academic achievement.

Question 13

Why do adults simplify the vocabulary, structure, and length of their utterances when speaking to children?

Accepted Answer

A) so that their speech matches the level of the utterances produced by the child 
B) so that their speech is just below the level of the utterances produced by the child 
C) so that their speech is just above the level of the utterances produced by the child 
D) so that their speech is characteristic of the order of the words in a child's utterances 
A) so that their speech matches the level of the utterances produced by the child 
B) so that their speech is just below the level of the utterances produced by the child 
C) so that their speech is just above the level of the utterances produced by the child 
D) so that their speech is characteristic of the order of the words in a child's utterances

Question 14

Margrete holds up her arms to indicate that she wants her dad to pick her up, and her dad lifts her onto his shoulders.Margrete's behaviour is an example of which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A) imperative gestures 
B) contextual turn-taking 
C) declarative gestures 
D) metalinguistic communication 
A) imperative gestures 
B) contextual turn-taking 
C) declarative gestures 
D) metalinguistic communication

Question 15

Calvin says "Mommy up!" while reaching upward with his arms.What speech pattern is Calvin's statement an example of?

Accepted Answer

A) holophrastic speech 
B) telegraphic speech 
C) overextension 
D) overregularization 
A) holophrastic speech 
B) telegraphic speech 
C) overextension 
D) overregularization

Question 16

Mario, age 5, understands that the word mouse applies to the critter on the floor and to mouse cartoon figures, because they share perceptual features.Which constraint to a word's meaning does his understanding illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A) object scope 
B) lexical contrast 
C) taxonomic 
D) mutual exclusivity 
A) object scope 
B) lexical contrast 
C) taxonomic 
D) mutual exclusivity

Question 17

Explain what holophrases are, and how children use them in early communication.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what holophrases are, and how children...

Question 18

According to most psycholinguists, what is the effect of the use of child-directed speech?

Accepted Answer

A) It provides the child with an optimal model that may facilitate language acquisition. 
B) It interferes with language acquisition and does not provide the child with correct models of language. 
C) It is essential for normal language acquisition. 
D) It is an important way of communicating with children that may facilitate acquisition. 
A) It provides the child with an optimal model that may facilitate language acquisition. 
B) It interferes with language acquisition and does not provide the child with correct models of language. 
C) It is essential for normal language acquisition. 
D) It is an important way of communicating with children that may facilitate acquisition.

Question 19

You are in an airport and hear three 9-month-old babies babbling, each from a different racial/ethnic background.Based on current research evidence will the babbling of these babies be different?

Accepted Answer

A) No, because maturation is the major determinant of language acquisition during the first year. 
B) No, because consonant sounds do not usually emerge until 12 months of age. 
C) Yes, and it will consist of mainly of two-word phrases. 
D) Yes, and each child's babbles will sound like his or her native language. 
A) No, because maturation is the major determinant of language acquisition during the first year. 
B) No, because consonant sounds do not usually emerge until 12 months of age. 
C) Yes, and it will consist of mainly of two-word phrases. 
D) Yes, and each child's babbles will sound like his or her native language.

Question 20

Which of the following characterizes the acquisition of American Sign Language (ASL)?

Accepted Answer

A) It follows stages very different from those of spoken language. 
B) It can be more difficult to acquire than spoken language and hence is typically acquired considerably later. 
C) It interferes with the acquisition of spoken language. 
D) It follows stages similar to those of spoken language. 
A) It follows stages very different from those of spoken language. 
B) It can be more difficult to acquire than spoken language and hence is typically acquired considerably later. 
C) It interferes with the acquisition of spoken language. 
D) It follows stages similar to those of spoken language.

Which of the following best characterizes the timing and duration of active language acquisition?

Which Piagetian concept is illustrated by a toddler's overextension of words to describe new objects and events that he or she encounters?

Suppose you make a preposterous request to a child, such as saying "Bring me the moon." Around what age are children first likely to question the feasibility of the request?

According to Nelson, which of the following would most likely be among an infant's first words?

When comparing language production and language comprehension, what general pattern of development has been revealed?

List six functions of children's two-word sentences, and provide an example that illustrates each type of sentence.

Which theory best accounts for the apparent ease of language acquisition in infancy and early childhood?

Suppose the mother of a young infant claimed that she could keep her baby in a happy mood just by maintaining one kind of rhythmic intonation.Based upon research evidence, how likely is this mother's claim?

Babbling refers to which type of vocalization?

As children move beyond the telegraphic period into more sophisticated use of grammar, morphemes such as -ing and -s are acquired before morphemes such as -ed and -'s.What does Brown attribute this order to?

Outline two ways in which siblings may help to promote the growth of communication skills.

In addition to promoting first-language skills, what results from the instruction for minority children in their native language?

Why do adults simplify the vocabulary, structure, and length of their utterances when speaking to children?

Margrete holds up her arms to indicate that she wants her dad to pick her up, and her dad lifts her onto his shoulders.Margrete's behaviour is an example of which of the following processes?

Calvin says "Mommy up!" while reaching upward with his arms.What speech pattern is Calvin's statement an example of?

Mario, age 5, understands that the word mouse applies to the critter on the floor and to mouse cartoon figures, because they share perceptual features.Which constraint to a word's meaning does his understanding illustrate?

Explain what holophrases are, and how children use them in early communication.

According to most psycholinguists, what is the effect of the use of child-directed speech?

You are in an airport and hear three 9-month-old babies babbling, each from a different racial/ethnic background.Based on current research evidence will the babbling of these babies be different?

Which of the following characterizes the acquisition of American Sign Language (ASL)?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

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Exam 11: Development of Language and Communication Skills

Which of the following best characterizes the timing and duration of active language acquisition?

Which Piagetian concept is illustrated by a toddler's overextension of words to describe new objects and events that he or she encounters?

Suppose you make a preposterous request to a child, such as saying "Bring me the moon." Around what age are children first likely to question the feasibility of the request?

According to Nelson, which of the following would most likely be among an infant's first words?

When comparing language production and language comprehension, what general pattern of development has been revealed?

List six functions of children's two-word sentences, and provide an example that illustrates each type of sentence.

Which theory best accounts for the apparent ease of language acquisition in infancy and early childhood?

Suppose the mother of a young infant claimed that she could keep her baby in a happy mood just by maintaining one kind of rhythmic intonation.Based upon research evidence, how likely is this mother's claim?

Babbling refers to which type of vocalization?

As children move beyond the telegraphic period into more sophisticated use of grammar, morphemes such as -ing and -s are acquired before morphemes such as -ed and -'s.What does Brown attribute this order to?

Outline two ways in which siblings may help to promote the growth of communication skills.

In addition to promoting first-language skills, what results from the instruction for minority children in their native language?

Why do adults simplify the vocabulary, structure, and length of their utterances when speaking to children?

Margrete holds up her arms to indicate that she wants her dad to pick her up, and her dad lifts her onto his shoulders.Margrete's behaviour is an example of which of the following processes?

Calvin says "Mommy up!" while reaching upward with his arms.What speech pattern is Calvin's statement an example of?

Mario, age 5, understands that the word mouse applies to the critter on the floor and to mouse cartoon figures, because they share perceptual features.Which constraint to a word's meaning does his understanding illustrate?

Explain what holophrases are, and how children use them in early communication.

According to most psycholinguists, what is the effect of the use of child-directed speech?

You are in an airport and hear three 9-month-old babies babbling, each from a different racial/ethnic background.Based on current research evidence will the babbling of these babies be different?

Which of the following characterizes the acquisition of American Sign Language (ASL)?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters