Question 1

How do bilingual children compare to socioeconomically equivalent monolingual children with respect to language proficiency and acquisition?

Accepted Answer

A) Bilingual children fail to acquire normal levels of proficiency in either language. 
B) Bilingual children show significant language delays when compared to monolingual children of the same socioeconomic status. 
C) Bilingual children show no language delays, but do display lower levels of metalinguistic knowledge. 
D) Bilingual children acquire normal levels of language proficiency and show some cognitive advantages. 
A) Bilingual children fail to acquire normal levels of proficiency in either language. 
B) Bilingual children show significant language delays when compared to monolingual children of the same socioeconomic status. 
C) Bilingual children show no language delays, but do display lower levels of metalinguistic knowledge. 
D) Bilingual children acquire normal levels of language proficiency and show some cognitive advantages.

Question 2

Which of the following are the most likely words to be omitted in telegraphic speech?

Accepted Answer

A) adjectives and prepositions 
B) adjectives and auxiliary verbs 
C) articles and auxiliary verbs 
D) articles and adjectives 
A) adjectives and prepositions 
B) adjectives and auxiliary verbs 
C) articles and auxiliary verbs 
D) articles and adjectives

Question 3

What is the invariant sequence of acquisition of grammatical morphemes, such as -ing, -ed, -'s, believed to reflect?

Accepted Answer

A) the frequency of usage of each morpheme in adult speech to children 
B) the tendency of children to overregularize 
C) the effects of semantic and syntactic complexity 
D) the late acquisition of transformational grammar rules 
A) the frequency of usage of each morpheme in adult speech to children 
B) the tendency of children to overregularize 
C) the effects of semantic and syntactic complexity 
D) the late acquisition of transformational grammar rules

Question 4

According to the textbook, which view of language acquisition is most supported by research evidence?

Accepted Answer

A) nativist theory 
B) learning theory 
C) the interactionist perspective 
D) the maturational perspective 
A) nativist theory 
B) learning theory 
C) the interactionist perspective 
D) the maturational perspective

Question 5

Which of the following best summarizes the conclusions of researchers that have examined toddlers' acquisition of words?

Accepted Answer

A) They are quite slow to acquire new vocabulary, requiring many repetitions over several days before they acquire and retain new words. 
B) They acquire expressive words through fast-mapping and referential words through overextension. 
C) They often acquire new words after hearing them applied to their referents only once or twice. 
D) They acquire referential words through fast-mapping and expressive words through overextension. 
A) They are quite slow to acquire new vocabulary, requiring many repetitions over several days before they acquire and retain new words. 
B) They acquire expressive words through fast-mapping and referential words through overextension. 
C) They often acquire new words after hearing them applied to their referents only once or twice. 
D) They acquire referential words through fast-mapping and expressive words through overextension.

Question 6

Three-year-old Reggie says, "The mouses runned their foots into the hole." What language error is he making with this statement?

Accepted Answer

A) an object scope constraint 
B) a lexical contrast 
C) an overregularization 
D) a holophrastic constraint 
A) an object scope constraint 
B) a lexical contrast 
C) an overregularization 
D) a holophrastic constraint

Question 7

Stefan's parents are very articulate and provide an environment that is rich in verbal stimuli.Stefan's mother states that because of this environment, he began to use telegraphic speech when he was only 6 months old.Would a developmentalist accept the mother's statement as plausible?

Accepted Answer

A) No, but only if he or she supports the nativist view of language development. 
B) Yes, but only if he or she supports the learning view of language development. 
C) No, regardless of his or her view of language development. 
D) Yes, but only if he or she supports the interactionist view of language development. 
A) No, but only if he or she supports the nativist view of language development. 
B) Yes, but only if he or she supports the learning view of language development. 
C) No, regardless of his or her view of language development. 
D) Yes, but only if he or she supports the interactionist view of language development.

Question 8

When young children overregularize and produce forms such as tooths, satted, or goed, as well as correct forms (e.g., walked, played, and cars), what are they demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

A) that they do not yet understand grammatical transformation rules 
B) that they have learned a rule for producing word endings, but they have failed to retrieve the correct form of an irregular word 
C) that they are imitating the "baby talk" of other young children 
D) that their parents must be providing poor language models for them or failing to correct the child's mistakes 
A) that they do not yet understand grammatical transformation rules 
B) that they have learned a rule for producing word endings, but they have failed to retrieve the correct form of an irregular word 
C) that they are imitating the "baby talk" of other young children 
D) that their parents must be providing poor language models for them or failing to correct the child's mistakes

Question 9

According to the empiricist perspective, children's progress in language acquisition occurs in response to adults reinforcing their children's grammatically correct speech and failing to respond to grammatically incorrect or uninterpretable speech.Does current research evidence support this view?

Accepted Answer

A) It does partially, as reinforcement may influence vocabulary acquisition but not the acquisition of syntax. 
B) It does partially, as reinforcement may influence the acquisition of syntax but not the development of vocabulary. 
C) Yes, reinforcement influences both vocabulary or syntax acquisition. 
D) No, reinforcement does not influence either vocabulary or syntax acquisition. 
A) It does partially, as reinforcement may influence vocabulary acquisition but not the acquisition of syntax. 
B) It does partially, as reinforcement may influence the acquisition of syntax but not the development of vocabulary. 
C) Yes, reinforcement influences both vocabulary or syntax acquisition. 
D) No, reinforcement does not influence either vocabulary or syntax acquisition.

Question 10

What is cooing?

Accepted Answer

A) producing combinations of vowel sounds 
B) producing different cries to signify different kinds of discomfort 
C) producing consonant and vowel combinations 
D) producing first words, but with incorrect semantic structure 
A) producing combinations of vowel sounds 
B) producing different cries to signify different kinds of discomfort 
C) producing consonant and vowel combinations 
D) producing first words, but with incorrect semantic structure

Question 11

Explain the term syntactical bootstrapping, and provide a novel example to illustrate your explanation.

Accepted Answer

Syntactical bootstrapping is a theory pr

Question 12

Based on Janet Werker's research, how is vocabulary size related to an infant's ability to discriminate similar-sounding words?

Accepted Answer

A) It is less important than age for predicting performance. 
B) It is more important than age for predicting performance. 
C) It is less important than phonological awareness for predicting performance. 
D) It is more important than phonological awareness for predicting performance. 
A) It is less important than age for predicting performance. 
B) It is more important than age for predicting performance. 
C) It is less important than phonological awareness for predicting performance. 
D) It is more important than phonological awareness for predicting performance.

Question 13

Research conducted to assess language acquisition in early and late second-language learners has reported which of the following findings?

Accepted Answer

A) The same brain areas are involved in processing speech in bilinguals, regardless of when they acquired their second language. 
B) Increases in brain density are observed in the left parietal lobe in late bilinguals who acquired their second language between 10 and 15 years of age. 
C) Chinese children who were adopted by French families before 2 years of age and learned French as a first language lagged behind their French-speaking peers. 
D) Bulgarian children adopted into Norwegian homes showed increases in the density of their grey matter if the adoption occurred after the age of 5-years. 
A) The same brain areas are involved in processing speech in bilinguals, regardless of when they acquired their second language. 
B) Increases in brain density are observed in the left parietal lobe in late bilinguals who acquired their second language between 10 and 15 years of age. 
C) Chinese children who were adopted by French families before 2 years of age and learned French as a first language lagged behind their French-speaking peers. 
D) Bulgarian children adopted into Norwegian homes showed increases in the density of their grey matter if the adoption occurred after the age of 5-years.

Question 14

Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the sensitive-period hypothesis for language development?

Accepted Answer

A) Children the world over reach certain linguistic milestones at about the same age, despite cultural differences in the structure of their languages. 
B) Children with aphasia often recover their lost language functions without special therapy, whereas adults with aphasia usually require extensive therapeutic interventions. 
C) When pidgin languages arise, they are usually transformed into creoles within a single generation. 
D) Apes who learn language display little, if any, knowledge of syntax. 
A) Children the world over reach certain linguistic milestones at about the same age, despite cultural differences in the structure of their languages. 
B) Children with aphasia often recover their lost language functions without special therapy, whereas adults with aphasia usually require extensive therapeutic interventions. 
C) When pidgin languages arise, they are usually transformed into creoles within a single generation. 
D) Apes who learn language display little, if any, knowledge of syntax.

Question 15

Outline the typical developmental course of prelinguistic vocalizations during the first year.

Accepted Answer

During the first year of life, infants g

Question 16

Evidence indicates that the child's language environment plays an important role in the process of language acquisition.What kinds of input have been shown to be facilitative? What minimal input is believed to be essential for acquisition?

Accepted Answer

Evidence indicates that just hearing oth

Question 17

On average, how many new words do infants add to their vocabulary between the ages of 18 and 24 months?

Accepted Answer

A) approximately one per week 
B) up to 10 words per day 
C) between 10 and 20 per week 
D) approximately 100 per week 
A) approximately one per week 
B) up to 10 words per day 
C) between 10 and 20 per week 
D) approximately 100 per week

Question 18

According to recent research, what is required for an infant's acquisition of proficient language skills?

Accepted Answer

A) adults' use of child-directed speech 
B) reinforcement of infant's correct use of syntax 
C) lengthy contact with one or more adults who converse with the child 
D) exposure to adults who use grammatically correct forms 
A) adults' use of child-directed speech 
B) reinforcement of infant's correct use of syntax 
C) lengthy contact with one or more adults who converse with the child 
D) exposure to adults who use grammatically correct forms

Question 19

Sherry has recently been appointed as a kindergarten teacher in a school in Nunavut.She discovers that most of the children do not speak English.Based on current research regarding second-language acquisition, what should Sherry do to maximize self-esteem and language acquisition among her pupils?

Accepted Answer

A) Provide some of the instruction in the Indigenous language and some in English. 
B) Immerse children by providing all instruction in English. 
C) Provide all the instruction in the Indigenous language but encourage family members to converse with the child only in English. 
D) Provide all the instruction in the Indigenous language, and discourage the children from communicating with each other in their Indigenous language at recess. 
A) Provide some of the instruction in the Indigenous language and some in English. 
B) Immerse children by providing all instruction in English. 
C) Provide all the instruction in the Indigenous language but encourage family members to converse with the child only in English. 
D) Provide all the instruction in the Indigenous language, and discourage the children from communicating with each other in their Indigenous language at recess.

Question 20

Which of the following best summarizes the research evidence regarding the development of proficiency with semantic integrations?

Accepted Answer

A) It is evident in 6- to 8-year-olds, although they are typically not aware that they have drawn an inference. 
B) It is well developed in 6- to 8-year-olds. 
C) It improves over the elementary years so that by 10 to 11 years of age children are making inferences easily but still not recognizing them as inferences. 
D) It is not evident until early adolescence. 
A) It is evident in 6- to 8-year-olds, although they are typically not aware that they have drawn an inference. 
B) It is well developed in 6- to 8-year-olds. 
C) It improves over the elementary years so that by 10 to 11 years of age children are making inferences easily but still not recognizing them as inferences. 
D) It is not evident until early adolescence.

How do bilingual children compare to socioeconomically equivalent monolingual children with respect to language proficiency and acquisition?

Which of the following are the most likely words to be omitted in telegraphic speech?

What is the invariant sequence of acquisition of grammatical morphemes, such as -ing, -ed, -'s, believed to reflect?

According to the textbook, which view of language acquisition is most supported by research evidence?

Which of the following best summarizes the conclusions of researchers that have examined toddlers' acquisition of words?

Three-year-old Reggie says, "The mouses runned their foots into the hole." What language error is he making with this statement?

Stefan's parents are very articulate and provide an environment that is rich in verbal stimuli.Stefan's mother states that because of this environment, he began to use telegraphic speech when he was only 6 months old.Would a developmentalist accept the mother's statement as plausible?

When young children overregularize and produce forms such as tooths, satted, or goed, as well as correct forms (e.g., walked, played, and cars), what are they demonstrating?

According to the empiricist perspective, children's progress in language acquisition occurs in response to adults reinforcing their children's grammatically correct speech and failing to respond to grammatically incorrect or uninterpretable speech.Does current research evidence support this view?

What is cooing?

Explain the term syntactical bootstrapping, and provide a novel example to illustrate your explanation.

Based on Janet Werker's research, how is vocabulary size related to an infant's ability to discriminate similar-sounding words?

Research conducted to assess language acquisition in early and late second-language learners has reported which of the following findings?

Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the sensitive-period hypothesis for language development?

Outline the typical developmental course of prelinguistic vocalizations during the first year.

Evidence indicates that the child's language environment plays an important role in the process of language acquisition.What kinds of input have been shown to be facilitative? What minimal input is believed to be essential for acquisition?

On average, how many new words do infants add to their vocabulary between the ages of 18 and 24 months?

According to recent research, what is required for an infant's acquisition of proficient language skills?

Sherry has recently been appointed as a kindergarten teacher in a school in Nunavut.She discovers that most of the children do not speak English.Based on current research regarding second-language acquisition, what should Sherry do to maximize self-esteem and language acquisition among her pupils?

Which of the following best summarizes the research evidence regarding the development of proficiency with semantic integrations?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters

Exam 11: Development of Language and Communication Skills

How do bilingual children compare to socioeconomically equivalent monolingual children with respect to language proficiency and acquisition?

Which of the following are the most likely words to be omitted in telegraphic speech?

What is the invariant sequence of acquisition of grammatical morphemes, such as -ing, -ed, -'s, believed to reflect?

According to the textbook, which view of language acquisition is most supported by research evidence?

Which of the following best summarizes the conclusions of researchers that have examined toddlers' acquisition of words?

Three-year-old Reggie says, "The mouses runned their foots into the hole." What language error is he making with this statement?

Stefan's parents are very articulate and provide an environment that is rich in verbal stimuli.Stefan's mother states that because of this environment, he began to use telegraphic speech when he was only 6 months old.Would a developmentalist accept the mother's statement as plausible?

When young children overregularize and produce forms such as tooths, satted, or goed, as well as correct forms (e.g., walked, played, and cars), what are they demonstrating?

According to the empiricist perspective, children's progress in language acquisition occurs in response to adults reinforcing their children's grammatically correct speech and failing to respond to grammatically incorrect or uninterpretable speech.Does current research evidence support this view?

What is cooing?

Explain the term syntactical bootstrapping, and provide a novel example to illustrate your explanation.

Based on Janet Werker's research, how is vocabulary size related to an infant's ability to discriminate similar-sounding words?

Research conducted to assess language acquisition in early and late second-language learners has reported which of the following findings?

Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the sensitive-period hypothesis for language development?

Outline the typical developmental course of prelinguistic vocalizations during the first year.

Evidence indicates that the child's language environment plays an important role in the process of language acquisition.What kinds of input have been shown to be facilitative? What minimal input is believed to be essential for acquisition?

On average, how many new words do infants add to their vocabulary between the ages of 18 and 24 months?

According to recent research, what is required for an infant's acquisition of proficient language skills?

Sherry has recently been appointed as a kindergarten teacher in a school in Nunavut.She discovers that most of the children do not speak English.Based on current research regarding second-language acquisition, what should Sherry do to maximize self-esteem and language acquisition among her pupils?

Which of the following best summarizes the research evidence regarding the development of proficiency with semantic integrations?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters