Question 1

Describe how the process of fast-mapping contributes to language acquisition.

Accepted Answer

Fast-mapping is a cognitive process that

Question 2

Describe what is meant by the nativists' idea of a language acquisition device (LAD), and give evidence for and against this idea.

Accepted Answer

The LAD, as proposed by Chomsky, is an i

Question 3

Migizi has recently been involved in educating Indigenous Canadian children in a heritage language program.What did he notice after one year?

Accepted Answer

A) reduction in academic language skills 
B) increase in individual and collective self-esteem 
C) a negative effect on acquisition of the majority language 
D) an increase in feelings of stigmatization 
A) reduction in academic language skills 
B) increase in individual and collective self-esteem 
C) a negative effect on acquisition of the majority language 
D) an increase in feelings of stigmatization

Question 4

Which of the following best summarizes the conclusions of Kraus and Glucksberg's research as to why preschool children and kindergarteners communicate in an ineffective fashion?

Accepted Answer

A) They tend to describe the stimuli in highly idiosyncratic ways. 
B) They tend to call more than one stimulus by the same name. 
C) They tend to be overly elaborate, creating stories that include a great deal of irrelevant information. 
D) They tend to be unaware that they must say something, so they tend to say nothing. 
A) They tend to describe the stimuli in highly idiosyncratic ways. 
B) They tend to call more than one stimulus by the same name. 
C) They tend to be overly elaborate, creating stories that include a great deal of irrelevant information. 
D) They tend to be unaware that they must say something, so they tend to say nothing.

Question 5

List the five components of language, and briefly describe each component.

Accepted Answer

The five components of language are phon

Question 6

Moira understands that if she wants to talk about something in the past, she adds ed to the verb.The acquisition of which type of language knowledge accounts for Moira's understanding?

Accepted Answer

A) phonology 
B) semantics 
C) morphology 
D) pragmatics 
A) phonology 
B) semantics 
C) morphology 
D) pragmatics

Question 7

Which of the following has been found to be most predictive of language proficiency in early childhood?

Accepted Answer

A) the extent to which a mother and child converse about objects and events to which they were jointly attending 
B) the total number of words conveyed from a mother toward her child when in conversation 
C) the level of complexity of the speech a mother directs toward her child 
D) the total number of words a child is exposed to as a passive listener across all listening situations 
A) the extent to which a mother and child converse about objects and events to which they were jointly attending 
B) the total number of words conveyed from a mother toward her child when in conversation 
C) the level of complexity of the speech a mother directs toward her child 
D) the total number of words a child is exposed to as a passive listener across all listening situations

Question 8

How does the referential style of early speech compare to the expressive style?

Accepted Answer

A) It is more common, and consists mainly of words that refer to people or objects. 
B) It is less common, and consists mainly of words that refer to people or objects. 
C) It is more common, and contains many personal or social words. 
D) It is less common, and contains a large number of personal or social words. 
A) It is more common, and consists mainly of words that refer to people or objects. 
B) It is less common, and consists mainly of words that refer to people or objects. 
C) It is more common, and contains many personal or social words. 
D) It is less common, and contains a large number of personal or social words.

Question 9

Why don't younger children perform as well as older children in communication tasks?

Accepted Answer

A) They are incapable of detecting ambiguities or the absence of important information. 
B) They tend to guess what they think the message means. 
C) They do not adjust their speech to the listener's level of understanding. 
D) They lack the syntactical skills to effectively communicate their meaning. 
A) They are incapable of detecting ambiguities or the absence of important information. 
B) They tend to guess what they think the message means. 
C) They do not adjust their speech to the listener's level of understanding. 
D) They lack the syntactical skills to effectively communicate their meaning.

Question 10

If a 2-year-old child uses the word car in a situation where her dad is washing the car, again when she is sitting in the car, and yet again when she is looking out the window, each time with different inflection, what does research indicate that this toddler is probably doing?

Accepted Answer

A) expressing three different messages about the car 
B) simply practising use of the new label that she has learned 
C) using the word car syntactically 
D) underextending the use of the word car 
A) expressing three different messages about the car 
B) simply practising use of the new label that she has learned 
C) using the word car syntactically 
D) underextending the use of the word car

Question 11

What is suggested by the fact that coos of all infants sound the same, regardless of whether the infant can hear?

Accepted Answer

A) Such sounds arise from the infant's mutual exclusivity constraint. 
B) Such sounds reflect the parents' recasts and extensions. 
C) Such sounds convey self-generated meanings for adult listeners. 
D) Such sounds develop with maturation of the brain and vocal organs. 
A) Such sounds arise from the infant's mutual exclusivity constraint. 
B) Such sounds reflect the parents' recasts and extensions. 
C) Such sounds convey self-generated meanings for adult listeners. 
D) Such sounds develop with maturation of the brain and vocal organs.

Question 12

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings with respect to the efficacy of core language programs in contrast to those that employ immersion?

Accepted Answer

A) Core language programs promote better development of the second language, but negatively affect development of the first language. 
B) Immersion language programs promote better development of the second language, but negatively affect development of the first language. 
C) Core language programs promote better development of the second language, and do not affect development of the first language. 
D) Immersion language programs promote better development of the second language, and do not affect development of the first language. 
A) Core language programs promote better development of the second language, but negatively affect development of the first language. 
B) Immersion language programs promote better development of the second language, but negatively affect development of the first language. 
C) Core language programs promote better development of the second language, and do not affect development of the first language. 
D) Immersion language programs promote better development of the second language, and do not affect development of the first language.

Question 13

Quentin is a 2-year-old living in Toronto.He is an only child.Based on research conducted by Nelson, what language style is Quentin likely to have?

Accepted Answer

A) expressive 
B) imperative 
C) referential 
D) declarative 
A) expressive 
B) imperative 
C) referential 
D) declarative

Question 14

Keionda plays with words and says sis, miss, nis but never says scli, pslek, or nslo.What part of language does Keionda seem to understand?

Accepted Answer

A) pragmatics 
B) semantics 
C) syntax 
D) phonology 
A) pragmatics 
B) semantics 
C) syntax 
D) phonology

Question 15

Children become quite proficient at both speaking and comprehending language before they enter school, yet they are not always effective communicators.Characterize the communication deficits of young children, and describe the course of growth in communicative effectiveness (both in speaking and listening).

Accepted Answer

Although preschool children and young gr

Question 16

What type of English-language knowledge has a child acquired when he or she learns the difference between the words give and take?

Accepted Answer

A) phonological 
B) semantic 
C) syntactic 
D) pragmatic 
A) phonological 
B) semantic 
C) syntactic 
D) pragmatic

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding bilingual children is supported by research findings?

Accepted Answer

A) Early sequential bilinguals acquire the phonology of their second language and speak exactly like monolinguals. 
B) Learning two languages in infancy is significantly more challenging than learning one language. 
C) Sequential bilinguals acquire vocabulary at the same rate as monolingual speakers. 
D) Learning two languages prior to age of 2 years confuses children about when to use their different languages. 
A) Early sequential bilinguals acquire the phonology of their second language and speak exactly like monolinguals. 
B) Learning two languages in infancy is significantly more challenging than learning one language. 
C) Sequential bilinguals acquire vocabulary at the same rate as monolingual speakers. 
D) Learning two languages prior to age of 2 years confuses children about when to use their different languages.

Question 18

What does evidence indicate about the timing of language turn-taking?

Accepted Answer

A) It emerges gradually during the first week of life. 
B) It is acquired over the first year of life. 
C) It emerges during the preschool years. 
D) It is acquired when children start school and are taught language turn-taking. 
A) It emerges gradually during the first week of life. 
B) It is acquired over the first year of life. 
C) It emerges during the preschool years. 
D) It is acquired when children start school and are taught language turn-taking.

Question 19

Learning theorists believe that language acquisition is dependent on shaping and reinforcement.What does the research evidence suggest about role of reinforcement in language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

A) It is important for the acquisition of new vocabulary. 
B) It is important for the acquisition of syntax. 
C) It is not important for the acquisition of either vocabulary or morphology. 
D) It is not important for the acquisition of pragmatics. 
A) It is important for the acquisition of new vocabulary. 
B) It is important for the acquisition of syntax. 
C) It is not important for the acquisition of either vocabulary or morphology. 
D) It is not important for the acquisition of pragmatics.

Question 20

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the nativist approach with respect to language development?

Accepted Answer

A) The nativist approach is incomplete and it describes, rather than explains, language learning. 
B) The nativist approach focuses too heavily on the environment while ignoring the biological mechanisms that underlie language development. 
C) The nativist approach is the most complete description of language acquisition available at the present time. 
D) The nativist approach can explain the development of phonology and semantics but cannot account for the emergence of syntax or pragmatics. 
A) The nativist approach is incomplete and it describes, rather than explains, language learning. 
B) The nativist approach focuses too heavily on the environment while ignoring the biological mechanisms that underlie language development. 
C) The nativist approach is the most complete description of language acquisition available at the present time. 
D) The nativist approach can explain the development of phonology and semantics but cannot account for the emergence of syntax or pragmatics.

Describe how the process of fast-mapping contributes to language acquisition.

Describe what is meant by the nativists' idea of a language acquisition device (LAD), and give evidence for and against this idea.

Migizi has recently been involved in educating Indigenous Canadian children in a heritage language program.What did he notice after one year?

Which of the following best summarizes the conclusions of Kraus and Glucksberg's research as to why preschool children and kindergarteners communicate in an ineffective fashion?

List the five components of language, and briefly describe each component.

Moira understands that if she wants to talk about something in the past, she adds ed to the verb.The acquisition of which type of language knowledge accounts for Moira's understanding?

Which of the following has been found to be most predictive of language proficiency in early childhood?

How does the referential style of early speech compare to the expressive style?

Why don't younger children perform as well as older children in communication tasks?

If a 2-year-old child uses the word car in a situation where her dad is washing the car, again when she is sitting in the car, and yet again when she is looking out the window, each time with different inflection, what does research indicate that this toddler is probably doing?

What is suggested by the fact that coos of all infants sound the same, regardless of whether the infant can hear?

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings with respect to the efficacy of core language programs in contrast to those that employ immersion?

Quentin is a 2-year-old living in Toronto.He is an only child.Based on research conducted by Nelson, what language style is Quentin likely to have?

Keionda plays with words and says sis, miss, nis but never says scli, pslek, or nslo.What part of language does Keionda seem to understand?

What type of English-language knowledge has a child acquired when he or she learns the difference between the words give and take?

Which of the following statements regarding bilingual children is supported by research findings?

What does evidence indicate about the timing of language turn-taking?

Learning theorists believe that language acquisition is dependent on shaping and reinforcement.What does the research evidence suggest about role of reinforcement in language acquisition?

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the nativist approach with respect to language development?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

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Exam 11: Development of Language and Communication Skills

Describe how the process of fast-mapping contributes to language acquisition.

Describe what is meant by the nativists' idea of a language acquisition device (LAD), and give evidence for and against this idea.

Migizi has recently been involved in educating Indigenous Canadian children in a heritage language program.What did he notice after one year?

Which of the following best summarizes the conclusions of Kraus and Glucksberg's research as to why preschool children and kindergarteners communicate in an ineffective fashion?

List the five components of language, and briefly describe each component.

Moira understands that if she wants to talk about something in the past, she adds ed to the verb.The acquisition of which type of language knowledge accounts for Moira's understanding?

Which of the following has been found to be most predictive of language proficiency in early childhood?

How does the referential style of early speech compare to the expressive style?

Why don't younger children perform as well as older children in communication tasks?

If a 2-year-old child uses the word car in a situation where her dad is washing the car, again when she is sitting in the car, and yet again when she is looking out the window, each time with different inflection, what does research indicate that this toddler is probably doing?

What is suggested by the fact that coos of all infants sound the same, regardless of whether the infant can hear?

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings with respect to the efficacy of core language programs in contrast to those that employ immersion?

Quentin is a 2-year-old living in Toronto.He is an only child.Based on research conducted by Nelson, what language style is Quentin likely to have?

Keionda plays with words and says sis, miss, nis but never says scli, pslek, or nslo.What part of language does Keionda seem to understand?

What type of English-language knowledge has a child acquired when he or she learns the difference between the words give and take?

Which of the following statements regarding bilingual children is supported by research findings?

What does evidence indicate about the timing of language turn-taking?

Learning theorists believe that language acquisition is dependent on shaping and reinforcement.What does the research evidence suggest about role of reinforcement in language acquisition?

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the nativist approach with respect to language development?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters