Question 1

Explain how potassium chloride is secreted in insects.

Accepted Answer

Potassium chloride (KCl) is secreted by

Question 2

Refer to the figure shown.
  Where is secondary active transport of glucose represented?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 3

Which of the following regarding Malpighian tubules, is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They drive water into them by actively transporting KCl. 
B)  Many solutes follow water passively into them. 
C)  They concentrate the primary urine hyperosmotic to blood plasma. 
D)  They are blind-ended tubules with the open end connected to the end of the midgut. 
A)  They drive water into them by actively transporting KCl. 
B)  Many solutes follow water passively into them. 
C)  They concentrate the primary urine hyperosmotic to blood plasma. 
D)  They are blind-ended tubules with the open end connected to the end of the midgut.

Question 4

The last part of the nephron in amphibians is

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule. 
B)  the Loop of Henle. 
C)  the distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  the collecting duct. 
A)  Bowman's capsule. 
B)  the Loop of Henle. 
C)  the distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  the collecting duct.

Question 5

Which organisms have loopless nephrons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some birds 
B)  Nonavian reptiles 
C)  Some birds and all amphibians 
D)  Some birds and all nonavian reptiles 
A)  Some birds 
B)  Nonavian reptiles 
C)  Some birds and all amphibians 
D)  Some birds and all nonavian reptiles

Question 6

Using sodium as an example, discuss the differences between concentration and quantity.

Accepted Answer

Quantity is an absolute measure, whereas

Question 7

After the kidneys, the _______ contribute(s) most to filtration.

Accepted Answer

A)  lungs 
B)  liver 
C)  heart 
D)  spleen 
A)  lungs 
B)  liver 
C)  heart 
D)  spleen

Question 8

In insects, KCl is

Accepted Answer

A)  secreted passively. 
B)  secreted actively. 
C)  absorbed passively. 
D)  absorbed actively. 
A)  secreted passively. 
B)  secreted actively. 
C)  absorbed passively. 
D)  absorbed actively.

Question 9

Which organisms have been found to have aglomerular kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some birds 
B)  Nonavian reptiles 
C)  Freshwater teleost fish 
D)  Saltwater teleost fish 
A)  Some birds 
B)  Nonavian reptiles 
C)  Freshwater teleost fish 
D)  Saltwater teleost fish

Question 10

Which values reflect the expected amino acid concentrations (in mM) in micropuncture samples collected from the nephron in the following order: Bowman's capsule, beginning of proximal convoluted tubule, intermediate segment, middle of distal convoluted tubule, and beginning of collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

A)  0; 1; 2; 4; 2 
B)  0; 0; 0; 0; 0 
C)  1; 1; 0; 0; 0 
D)  2; 2; 1; 0; 0 
A)  0; 1; 2; 4; 2 
B)  0; 0; 0; 0; 0 
C)  1; 1; 0; 0; 0 
D)  2; 2; 1; 0; 0

Question 11

In amphibians, why does the reabsorption of NaCl depend on the permeability of the tubule wall to water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water movement allows the ATP to function more effectively. 
B)  Water movement creates the concentration gradient for Cl to move passively. 
C)  Water permeability allows the solutes to move more effectively. 
D)  Water must move first before any of the solutes can move. 
A)  Water movement allows the ATP to function more effectively. 
B)  Water movement creates the concentration gradient for Cl to move passively. 
C)  Water permeability allows the solutes to move more effectively. 
D)  Water must move first before any of the solutes can move.

Question 12

The principal waste product in ureotelic animals is

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid. 
B)  urea. 
C)  ammonia. 
D)  ammonium. 
A)  uric acid. 
B)  urea. 
C)  ammonia. 
D)  ammonium.

Question 13

ADH is released from the

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior pituitary. 
B)  posterior pituitary. 
C)  kidneys. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
A)  anterior pituitary. 
B)  posterior pituitary. 
C)  kidneys. 
D)  hypothalamus.

Question 14

Refer to the figure shown.
  Where is most of the glucose reabsorbed from the tubular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 15

If a person in diuresis produces urine with a concentration of 50 mOsm, her plasma osmolarity is about _______ mOsm.

Accepted Answer

A)  250 
B)  500 
C)  600 
D)  50 
A)  250 
B)  500 
C)  600 
D)  50

Question 16

Which of the following would not be found in urine produced by healthy kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potassium 
B)  Proteins 
C)  Phosphate 
D)  Creatinine 
A)  Potassium 
B)  Proteins 
C)  Phosphate 
D)  Creatinine

Question 17

Refer to the figure shown.
  At which numeral is sodium moving across the membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  I and II 
C)  I, II, and III 
D)  I, II, and IV 
A)  I 
B)  I and II 
C)  I, II, and III 
D)  I, II, and IV

Question 18

Which of the following is the best description of active solute secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Using ATP directly to transport the solute across the membrane. 
B)  Using physical pressure to push the solute through the membrane. 
C)  Actively transporting one solute to create a concentration gradient for the other solute to passively cross. 
D)  Using osmotic pressure to push the solute through the membrane. 
A)  Using ATP directly to transport the solute across the membrane. 
B)  Using physical pressure to push the solute through the membrane. 
C)  Actively transporting one solute to create a concentration gradient for the other solute to passively cross. 
D)  Using osmotic pressure to push the solute through the membrane.

Question 19

If the urea concentration in the interstitial fluid around the collecting duct is increased, urea reabsorption will

Accepted Answer

A)  continue because it depends on active transport. 
B)  continue because it depends on passive transport. 
C)  cease because it depends on active transport. 
D)  cease, because reabsorption depends on passive transport. Instead, urea secretion will occur. 
A)  continue because it depends on active transport. 
B)  continue because it depends on passive transport. 
C)  cease because it depends on active transport. 
D)  cease, because reabsorption depends on passive transport. Instead, urea secretion will occur.

Question 20

If a person in antidiuresis produces urine with a concentration of 1200 mOsm, his plasma osmolarity is about _______ mOsm.

Accepted Answer

A)  1200 
B)  600 
C)  300 
D)  2400 
A)  1200 
B)  600 
C)  300 
D)  2400

Exam 29: Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Explain how potassium chloride is secreted in insects.

Refer to the figure shown. Where is secondary active transport of glucose represented?

Which of the following regarding Malpighian tubules, is false?

The last part of the nephron in amphibians is

Which organisms have loopless nephrons?

Using sodium as an example, discuss the differences between concentration and quantity.

After the kidneys, the _______ contribute(s) most to filtration.

In insects, KCl is

Which organisms have been found to have aglomerular kidneys?

Which values reflect the expected amino acid concentrations (in mM) in micropuncture samples collected from the nephron in the following order: Bowman's capsule, beginning of proximal convoluted tubule, intermediate segment, middle of distal convoluted tubule, and beginning of collecting duct?

In amphibians, why does the reabsorption of NaCl depend on the permeability of the tubule wall to water?

The principal waste product in ureotelic animals is

ADH is released from the

Refer to the figure shown. Where is most of the glucose reabsorbed from the tubular fluid?

If a person in diuresis produces urine with a concentration of 50 mOsm, her plasma osmolarity is about _______ mOsm.

Which of the following would not be found in urine produced by healthy kidneys?

Refer to the figure shown. At which numeral is sodium moving across the membrane?

Which of the following is the best description of active solute secretion?

If the urea concentration in the interstitial fluid around the collecting duct is increased, urea reabsorption will

If a person in antidiuresis produces urine with a concentration of 1200 mOsm, his plasma osmolarity is about _______ mOsm.

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

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