Question 1

Which substance would cause the greatest loss of water when consumed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteins, because they require urea for catabolism 
B)  Carbohydrates, because they generate carbon dioxide 
C)  Lipids, because they generate nitrogenous wastes 
D)  Proteins, because they generate urea 
A)  Proteins, because they require urea for catabolism 
B)  Carbohydrates, because they generate carbon dioxide 
C)  Lipids, because they generate nitrogenous wastes 
D)  Proteins, because they generate urea

Question 2

In terms of osmotic pressure exerted, which comparison of dissolved chemicals is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 mmol taurine = 1 mmol Na+ 
B)  1mmol of glycine > 1 mmol NaCl 
C)  1 mmol trimethylamine oxide > 1 mmol Na+ 
D)  1 mmol Mg2+ > 1 mmol Na+ 
A)  1 mmol taurine = 1 mmol Na+ 
B)  1mmol of glycine > 1 mmol NaCl 
C)  1 mmol trimethylamine oxide > 1 mmol Na+ 
D)  1 mmol Mg2+ > 1 mmol Na+

Question 3

Animal A has a body temperature of 35°C and animal B has a body temperature of 40°C. Both of the animals are in an environment at 40°C and 25% relative humidity. Which of the two animals would lose more water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animal A because the air it exhales has more water vapor. 
B)  Animal B because the air it exhales has more water vapor. 
C)  Animal A because the air it inhales has more water vapor. 
D)  Animal B because the air it inhales has more water vapor. 
A)  Animal A because the air it exhales has more water vapor. 
B)  Animal B because the air it exhales has more water vapor. 
C)  Animal A because the air it inhales has more water vapor. 
D)  Animal B because the air it inhales has more water vapor.

Question 4

If a freshwater fish takes in a quantity of water from its dilute environment by osmosis, the osmotic pressure in its plasma will tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase. 
B)  decrease. 
C)  remain the same. 
D)  increase then decrease. 
A)  increase. 
B)  decrease. 
C)  remain the same. 
D)  increase then decrease.

Question 5

Larger crustaceans, such as a blue crab, have an exoskeleton impregnated with

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose. 
B)  calcium. 
C)  phospholipids. 
D)  proteoglycans. 
A)  cellulose. 
B)  calcium. 
C)  phospholipids. 
D)  proteoglycans.

Question 6

Plants that tolerate and assimilate high concentrations of salt are called

Accepted Answer

A)  bryophytes. 
B)  ferns. 
C)  halophytes. 
D)  stipes. 
A)  bryophytes. 
B)  ferns. 
C)  halophytes. 
D)  stipes.

Question 7

Describe, in detail, how molting occurs in blue crabs.

Accepted Answer

Prior to the actual time of molting, sea

Question 8

Which of the following will most likely accompany evaporation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The blood will become hypertonic. 
B)  The blood will become hypotonic. 
C)  The blood tonicity will not change. 
D)  The blood will become isotonic. 
A)  The blood will become hypertonic. 
B)  The blood will become hypotonic. 
C)  The blood tonicity will not change. 
D)  The blood will become isotonic.

Question 9

The most fundamental function of the _______ is to prevent an animal from reaching an isosmotic line.

Accepted Answer

A)  liver 
B)  small intestine 
C)  kidney 
D)  spleen 
A)  liver 
B)  small intestine 
C)  kidney 
D)  spleen

Question 10

An ionic U/P ratio that is greater than 1 indicates that the urine contains

Accepted Answer

A)  more sodium compared to the plasma. 
B)  less sodium compared to the plasma. 
C)  the same amount of sodium as the plasma does. 
D)  more sodium compared to the plasma, however, the concentration is equal. 
A)  more sodium compared to the plasma. 
B)  less sodium compared to the plasma. 
C)  the same amount of sodium as the plasma does. 
D)  more sodium compared to the plasma, however, the concentration is equal.

Question 11

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which animal is a regulator?

Accepted Answer

A)  Green crab 
B)  Mussel 
C)  Shrimp 
D)  Green crab and shrimp 
A)  Green crab 
B)  Mussel 
C)  Shrimp 
D)  Green crab and shrimp

Question 12

An animal whose blood osmolarity is 100 mOsm and urine osmolarity is 80 mOSm will have _______ that is _______ to the plasma.

Accepted Answer

A)  urine; hyperosmotic 
B)  urine; isosmotic 
C)  blood; hyperosmotic 
D)  blood; hyposmotic 
A)  urine; hyperosmotic 
B)  urine; isosmotic 
C)  blood; hyperosmotic 
D)  blood; hyposmotic

Question 13

The rate of evaporation (J) depends on multiple factors. Define each factor and state how they are mathematically related.

Accepted Answer

The rate of evaporation (J) depends on d

Question 14

If a human drank sea water, ingestion of which ion would be most responsible for tissue dehydration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium 
B)  Potassium 
C)  Chloride 
D)  Magnesium 
A)  Sodium 
B)  Potassium 
C)  Chloride 
D)  Magnesium

Question 15

An animal whose blood osmolarity is 70 mOsm and urine osmolarity is 90 mOsm will have _______ that is _______ to the plasma.

Accepted Answer

A)  urine; hyperosmotic 
B)  urine; isosmotic 
C)  blood; hyperosmotic 
D)  blood; hyposmotic 
A)  urine; hyperosmotic 
B)  urine; isosmotic 
C)  blood; hyperosmotic 
D)  blood; hyposmotic

Question 16

Water produced by cellular respiration is called _______ water.

Accepted Answer

A)  catabolic 
B)  cellular respiration 
C)  preformed 
D)  metabolic 
A)  catabolic 
B)  cellular respiration 
C)  preformed 
D)  metabolic

Question 17

If the partial pressure of a substance in the atmosphere is 2x and the partial pressure of the same substance in the body fluid is 4x, the evaporation rate will

Accepted Answer

A)  stay the same. 
B)  decrease. 
C)  increase. 
D)  cease. 
A)  stay the same. 
B)  decrease. 
C)  increase. 
D)  cease.

Question 18

Urine that is hyposmotic to the blood plasma contains a

Accepted Answer

A)  large amount of water. 
B)  normal amount of water. 
C)  low amount of water. 
D)  high amount of solutes and waste product. 
A)  large amount of water. 
B)  normal amount of water. 
C)  low amount of water. 
D)  high amount of solutes and waste product.

Question 19

You are trapped on a deserted island and are dehydrated and hungry. You have the ability to eat all the marine invertebrates you want or expend energy to catch a few fish. Which one is the better option in the long run?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eat the invertebrates - you don't expend any energy to get them and they are similar in concentration to you so you will not dehydrate as much by eating them. 
B)  Eat the invertebrates - They contain less dehydrating proteins. 
C)  If you can catch the fish, they are similar in concentration to you so you will not dehydrate as much by eating them. 
D)  The fish are more nutritious so you should expend the energy to catch them. 
A)  Eat the invertebrates - you don't expend any energy to get them and they are similar in concentration to you so you will not dehydrate as much by eating them. 
B)  Eat the invertebrates - They contain less dehydrating proteins. 
C)  If you can catch the fish, they are similar in concentration to you so you will not dehydrate as much by eating them. 
D)  The fish are more nutritious so you should expend the energy to catch them.

Question 20

If cells are submerged in hypertonic solution they will

Accepted Answer

A)  expand. 
B)  burst. 
C)  maintain the same volume. 
D)  shrivel. 
A)  expand. 
B)  burst. 
C)  maintain the same volume. 
D)  shrivel.

Exam 27: Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Which substance would cause the greatest loss of water when consumed?

In terms of osmotic pressure exerted, which comparison of dissolved chemicals is true?

Animal A has a body temperature of 35°C and animal B has a body temperature of 40°C. Both of the animals are in an environment at 40°C and 25% relative humidity. Which of the two animals would lose more water?

If a freshwater fish takes in a quantity of water from its dilute environment by osmosis, the osmotic pressure in its plasma will tend to

Larger crustaceans, such as a blue crab, have an exoskeleton impregnated with

Plants that tolerate and assimilate high concentrations of salt are called

Describe, in detail, how molting occurs in blue crabs.

Which of the following will most likely accompany evaporation?

The most fundamental function of the _______ is to prevent an animal from reaching an isosmotic line.

An ionic U/P ratio that is greater than 1 indicates that the urine contains

Refer to the figure shown. Which animal is a regulator?

An animal whose blood osmolarity is 100 mOsm and urine osmolarity is 80 mOSm will have _______ that is _______ to the plasma.

The rate of evaporation (J) depends on multiple factors. Define each factor and state how they are mathematically related.

If a human drank sea water, ingestion of which ion would be most responsible for tissue dehydration?

An animal whose blood osmolarity is 70 mOsm and urine osmolarity is 90 mOsm will have _______ that is _______ to the plasma.

Water produced by cellular respiration is called _______ water.

If the partial pressure of a substance in the atmosphere is 2x and the partial pressure of the same substance in the body fluid is 4x, the evaporation rate will

Urine that is hyposmotic to the blood plasma contains a

You are trapped on a deserted island and are dehydrated and hungry. You have the ability to eat all the marine invertebrates you want or expend energy to catch a few fish. Which one is the better option in the long run?

If cells are submerged in hypertonic solution they will

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

Animal A has a body temperature of 35^°C and animal B has a body temperature of 40^°C. Both of the animals are in an environment at 40^°C and 25% relative humidity. Which of the two animals would lose more water?

An animal whose blood osmolarity is 100 mOsm and urine osmolarity is 80 mOSm will have _ that is _ to the plasma.

An animal whose blood osmolarity is 70 mOsm and urine osmolarity is 90 mOsm will have _ that is _ to the plasma.