Question 1

Which process directly uses ATP to move ions to cross the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Simple diffusion 
B)  Facilitated diffusion 
C)  Primary active transport 
D)  Secondary active transport 
A)  Simple diffusion 
B)  Facilitated diffusion 
C)  Primary active transport 
D)  Secondary active transport

Question 2

If you submerge a mussel in an environment in which the ambient osmotic pressure progressively increases, the blood osmotic pressure of the mussel will

Accepted Answer

A)  progressively increase. 
B)  progressively decrease. 
C)  increase first and then decrease. 
D)  not change. 
A)  progressively increase. 
B)  progressively decrease. 
C)  increase first and then decrease. 
D)  not change.

Question 3

Refer to the figure shown.
  In this figure, the solute that acts as a counteracting solute for urea is represented by the

Accepted Answer

A)  middle line. 
B)  top line. 
C)  bottom line. 
D)  shaded area. 
A)  middle line. 
B)  top line. 
C)  bottom line. 
D)  shaded area.

Question 4

The fluid that directly bathes the cells is called

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoplasm. 
B)  plasma. 
C)  extracellular fluid. 
D)  interstitial fluid. 
A)  cytoplasm. 
B)  plasma. 
C)  extracellular fluid. 
D)  interstitial fluid.

Question 5

Refer to the formula shown.
Which of the following will not increase the rate of evaporation, J?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in K 
B)  An increase in WVPs 
C)  A decrease in WVPa 
D)  An increase in X 
A)  An increase in K 
B)  An increase in WVPs 
C)  A decrease in WVPa 
D)  An increase in X

Question 6

What are the mechanisms by which invertebrates' cells regulate the quantity of dissolved organic molecules in their intracellular fluid when they are transferred into ambient water with increased salinity?

Accepted Answer

Invertebrates employ multiple processes

Question 7

Which substance results in water formation when consumed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteins 
B)  Lipids 
C)  Carbohydrates 
D)  Both lipids and carbohydrates 
A)  Proteins 
B)  Lipids 
C)  Carbohydrates 
D)  Both lipids and carbohydrates

Question 8

Explain the importance of electrolytes in the body fluids.

Accepted Answer

The ionic composition of body fluids aff

Question 9

In an environment in which the temperature is 25F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C, the relative humidity is 33%, the food available is air-dried barley grain, and there is no drinking water, a kangaroo rat will thrive, but a laboratory rat will not. Why?

Accepted Answer

The kangaroo rat will live largely on me

Question 10

Which statement about the importance of ions in body fluids is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ionic concentrations can have a direct effect on the three-dimensional shape of proteins and thus their function. 
B)  Ionic concentrations can change the pH, increasing it or decreasing, thus affecting the function of proteins. 
C)  Ionic concentrations can affect synaptic transmission in neurons. 
D)  Ionic concentrations have no effect on the rhythm of the heart. 
A)  Ionic concentrations can have a direct effect on the three-dimensional shape of proteins and thus their function. 
B)  Ionic concentrations can change the pH, increasing it or decreasing, thus affecting the function of proteins. 
C)  Ionic concentrations can affect synaptic transmission in neurons. 
D)  Ionic concentrations have no effect on the rhythm of the heart.

Question 11

Define and briefly explain the differences between obligatory urinary water loss and obligatory fecal water loss.

Accepted Answer

Obligatory urinary water loss is the los

Question 12

If the osmotic U/P ratio is greater than 1, and the plasma osmolarity is not adjusted to match the interstitial fluid osmolarity, there is an increased tendency for water to move

Accepted Answer

A)  into cells, causing them to expand and eventually lyse. 
B)  out of cells, causing them to shrivel. 
C)  into cells, causing them to expand but not lyse since water will move out immediately. 
D)  out of cells, but the cells will not shrivel because water will move in immediately. 
A)  into cells, causing them to expand and eventually lyse. 
B)  out of cells, causing them to shrivel. 
C)  into cells, causing them to expand but not lyse since water will move out immediately. 
D)  out of cells, but the cells will not shrivel because water will move in immediately.

Question 13

Which of the following does not allow movement of water across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carriers 
B)  Endocytotic vesicles 
C)  Channels 
D)  The lipid portion of the membrane 
A)  Carriers 
B)  Endocytotic vesicles 
C)  Channels 
D)  The lipid portion of the membrane

Question 14

Metabolic water is formed by

Accepted Answer

A)  eating of food items with preformed water. 
B)  glycolysis. 
C)  the complete oxidation of glucose. 
D)  the Krebs cycle. 
A)  eating of food items with preformed water. 
B)  glycolysis. 
C)  the complete oxidation of glucose. 
D)  the Krebs cycle.

Question 15

In a person who weighs 70 kg, _______ of that is water.

Accepted Answer

A)  30 kg 
B)  42 kg 
C)  52 kg 
D)  62 kg 
A)  30 kg 
B)  42 kg 
C)  52 kg 
D)  62 kg

Question 16

Define and briefly explain obligatory respiratory water loss.

Accepted Answer

Obligatory respiratory water loss is the

Question 17

If you submerge an animal in an environment in which the ambient osmotic pressure increases, but the animal's blood osmotic pressure does not change, it can be concluded that this animal is a

Accepted Answer

A)  conformer. 
B)  regulator. 
C)  migrator. 
D)  concentrator. 
A)  conformer. 
B)  regulator. 
C)  migrator. 
D)  concentrator.

Question 18

Your friend is on a high-protein diet. As a result of the higher protein intake, your friend will most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  lose water because water is important for protein storage. 
B)  gain water because water is produced by the breakdown of protein. 
C)  lose water because water is needed to excrete the excess urea produced from protein catabolism. 
D)  gain water because excess protein causes water storage. 
A)  lose water because water is important for protein storage. 
B)  gain water because water is produced by the breakdown of protein. 
C)  lose water because water is needed to excrete the excess urea produced from protein catabolism. 
D)  gain water because excess protein causes water storage.

Question 19

The range of osmotic U/P ratio in humans is

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 to 2. 
B)  0.1 to 3. 
C)  0.1 to 4. 
D)  0.1 to 5. 
A)  0.1 to 2. 
B)  0.1 to 3. 
C)  0.1 to 4. 
D)  0.1 to 5.

Question 20

Humidity refers to the _______ content in the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen 
B)  water 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  nitrogen 
A)  oxygen 
B)  water 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  nitrogen

Exam 27: Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Which process directly uses ATP to move ions to cross the cell membrane?

If you submerge a mussel in an environment in which the ambient osmotic pressure progressively increases, the blood osmotic pressure of the mussel will

Refer to the figure shown. In this figure, the solute that acts as a counteracting solute for urea is represented by the

The fluid that directly bathes the cells is called

Refer to the formula shown. Which of the following will not increase the rate of evaporation, J?

What are the mechanisms by which invertebrates' cells regulate the quantity of dissolved organic molecules in their intracellular fluid when they are transferred into ambient water with increased salinity?

Which substance results in water formation when consumed?

Explain the importance of electrolytes in the body fluids.

In an environment in which the temperature is 25C, the relative humidity is 33%, the food available is air-dried barley grain, and there is no drinking water, a kangaroo rat will thrive, but a laboratory rat will not. Why?

Which statement about the importance of ions in body fluids is false?

Define and briefly explain the differences between obligatory urinary water loss and obligatory fecal water loss.

If the osmotic U/P ratio is greater than 1, and the plasma osmolarity is not adjusted to match the interstitial fluid osmolarity, there is an increased tendency for water to move

Which of the following does not allow movement of water across a cell membrane?

Metabolic water is formed by

In a person who weighs 70 kg, _______ of that is water.

Define and briefly explain obligatory respiratory water loss.

If you submerge an animal in an environment in which the ambient osmotic pressure increases, but the animal's blood osmotic pressure does not change, it can be concluded that this animal is a

Your friend is on a high-protein diet. As a result of the higher protein intake, your friend will most likely

The range of osmotic U/P ratio in humans is

Humidity refers to the _______ content in the atmosphere.

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

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