Question 1

Which enzyme is used to minimize the effect of reactive oxygen species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Catalase 
B)  Phosphofructokinase 
C)  Pyruvate kinase 
D)  Isomerase 
A)  Catalase 
B)  Phosphofructokinase 
C)  Pyruvate kinase 
D)  Isomerase

Question 2

Which chemical reaction of the Krebs cycle produces NADH?

Accepted Answer

A)  Citrate F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 isocitrate 
B)  Succinate F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 fumarate 
C)  Fumarate F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 malate 
D)  Isocitrate F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-ketoglutarate 
A)  Citrate F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 isocitrate 
B)  Succinate F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 fumarate 
C)  Fumarate F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 malate 
D)  Isocitrate F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-ketoglutarate

Question 3

Which enzyme is used to minimize the effect of reactive oxygen species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Superoxide dismutase 
B)  cytochrome c oxidase 
C)  succinate dehydrogenase 
D)  coenzyme A 
A)  Superoxide dismutase 
B)  cytochrome c oxidase 
C)  succinate dehydrogenase 
D)  coenzyme A

Question 4

In the mitochondria, ATP is formed by the direct movement of

Accepted Answer

A)  electrons. 
B)  protons. 
C)  bicarbonate. 
D)  oxygen. 
A)  electrons. 
B)  protons. 
C)  bicarbonate. 
D)  oxygen.

Question 5

During the only oxidation reaction in glycolysis, the molecule of primary importance in combining with hydrogen atoms is

Accepted Answer

A)  NAD. 
B)  NADH. 
C)  oxygen. 
D)  pyruvate. 
A)  NAD. 
B)  NADH. 
C)  oxygen. 
D)  pyruvate.

Question 6

The reaction that uses _______ as a substrate is an oxidation reaction in glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  fructose-1,6-diphosphate 
C)  2-phosphoglyceric acid 
D)  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 
A)  glucose 
B)  fructose-1,6-diphosphate 
C)  2-phosphoglyceric acid 
D)  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Question 7

What are the net yields of ATP, NADH, and FADH2 molecules during the breakdown of one glucose molecule under aerobic conditions?
Glycolysis: ATP, NADH, FADH2
Pyruvate oxidation: ATP, NADH, FADH2
Citric acid cycle: ATP, NADH, FADH2

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis: 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 0 F

Question 8

Which type of leg muscles do various animals depend on for long distance ground locomotion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slow oxidative, because of their endurance 
B)  Fast glycolytic, because of their intensity 
C)  Slow glycolytic, because of their intensity 
D)  Fast oxidative, because of their endurance 
A)  Slow oxidative, because of their endurance 
B)  Fast glycolytic, because of their intensity 
C)  Slow glycolytic, because of their intensity 
D)  Fast oxidative, because of their endurance

Question 9

If a cell loses its mitochondria, the net number of ATP molecules that can be produced from one glucose molecule is

Accepted Answer

A)  2. 
B)  4. 
C)  21. 
D)  29. 
A)  2. 
B)  4. 
C)  21. 
D)  29.

Question 10

Refer to the figure showing regulation and conformity in two species of related fish.
  According to the figure, what do the dots scattered around the lines represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mean rates of oxygen consumption of different species 
B)  Individual measurements of rate of oxygen consumption in one species 
C)  Death rates 
D)  Individual measurements of oxygen consumption in many species 
A)  Mean rates of oxygen consumption of different species 
B)  Individual measurements of rate of oxygen consumption in one species 
C)  Death rates 
D)  Individual measurements of oxygen consumption in many species

Question 11

Excess creatine kinase enhances

Accepted Answer

A)  electron transport chain activity. 
B)  glycolysis levels. 
C)  burst exercise performance. 
D)  citric acid cycle productivity. 
A)  electron transport chain activity. 
B)  glycolysis levels. 
C)  burst exercise performance. 
D)  citric acid cycle productivity.

Question 12

In the term "slow oxidative" used to describe muscle fibers, "oxidative" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the physiology of energy production. 
B)  the fatigability rate. 
C)  motion of the muscle. 
D)  the type of physical activity to be undertaken. 
A)  the physiology of energy production. 
B)  the fatigability rate. 
C)  motion of the muscle. 
D)  the type of physical activity to be undertaken.

Question 13

Glycolysis occurs in the _______ and generates _______ NADH molecules.

Accepted Answer

A)  cytosol; 4 
B)  cytosol; 2 
C)  mitochondria; 2 
D)  mitochondria; 4 
A)  cytosol; 4 
B)  cytosol; 2 
C)  mitochondria; 2 
D)  mitochondria; 4

Question 14

When pyruvic acid is metabolized, the ratio of ATP to lactic acid produced is

Accepted Answer

A)  2:27. 
B)  27:2. 
C)  2:31. 
D)  31:2. 
A)  2:27. 
B)  27:2. 
C)  2:31. 
D)  31:2.

Question 15

Which of the following does not occur in mammals in hypoxic situations?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP concentration in brain tissues falls drastically. 
B)  Na+-K+-ATPase pumps ions across the cell membrane to reverse the effects of hypoxia. 
C)  Action potentials cease. 
D)  The release of neurotransmitters is interrupted. 
A)  ATP concentration in brain tissues falls drastically. 
B)  Na+-K+-ATPase pumps ions across the cell membrane to reverse the effects of hypoxia. 
C)  Action potentials cease. 
D)  The release of neurotransmitters is interrupted.

Question 16

The enzyme that muscle cells depend on during the oxygen deficit phase is

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH-dehydrogenase. 
B)  ATP synthase. 
C)  coenzyme A. 
D)  creatine kinase. 
A)  NADH-dehydrogenase. 
B)  ATP synthase. 
C)  coenzyme A. 
D)  creatine kinase.

Question 17

To escape from a predator, a fish most likely uses _______ muscles.

Accepted Answer

A)  slow oxidative 
B)  fast glycolytic 
C)  a combination of oxidative and glycolytic 
D)  fast glycolytic first and after few seconds slow oxidative 
A)  slow oxidative 
B)  fast glycolytic 
C)  a combination of oxidative and glycolytic 
D)  fast glycolytic first and after few seconds slow oxidative

Question 18

Refer to the figure showing regulation and conformity in two species of related fish.
  Which graph represents the species better able to cope with hypoxic water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Species in top graph 
B)  Species in bottom graph 
C)  Both species have the same tolerance for hypoxic water. 
D)  Neither species can tolerate hypoxic water. 
A)  Species in top graph 
B)  Species in bottom graph 
C)  Both species have the same tolerance for hypoxic water. 
D)  Neither species can tolerate hypoxic water.

Question 19

Glucose undergoes 10 chemical reactions during glycolysis to become pyruvate. Name the reactant, product, and enzyme of one NADH-producing reaction in glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to

Question 20

Which molecule(s) is(are) generated during aerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 
B)  Lactic acid 
C)  CO2 and lactic acid 
D)  CO2 and H2O 
A)  CO2 
B)  Lactic acid 
C)  CO2 and lactic acid 
D)  CO2 and H2O

Exam 8: Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

Which enzyme is used to minimize the effect of reactive oxygen species?

Which chemical reaction of the Krebs cycle produces NADH?

Which enzyme is used to minimize the effect of reactive oxygen species?

In the mitochondria, ATP is formed by the direct movement of

During the only oxidation reaction in glycolysis, the molecule of primary importance in combining with hydrogen atoms is

The reaction that uses _______ as a substrate is an oxidation reaction in glycolysis.

What are the net yields of ATP, NADH, and FADH2 molecules during the breakdown of one glucose molecule under aerobic conditions? Glycolysis: ATP, NADH, FADH2 Pyruvate oxidation: ATP, NADH, FADH2 Citric acid cycle: ATP, NADH, FADH2

Which type of leg muscles do various animals depend on for long distance ground locomotion?

If a cell loses its mitochondria, the net number of ATP molecules that can be produced from one glucose molecule is

Refer to the figure showing regulation and conformity in two species of related fish. According to the figure, what do the dots scattered around the lines represent?

Excess creatine kinase enhances

In the term "slow oxidative" used to describe muscle fibers, "oxidative" refers to

Glycolysis occurs in the _______ and generates _______ NADH molecules.

When pyruvic acid is metabolized, the ratio of ATP to lactic acid produced is

Which of the following does not occur in mammals in hypoxic situations?

The enzyme that muscle cells depend on during the oxygen deficit phase is

To escape from a predator, a fish most likely uses _______ muscles.

Refer to the figure showing regulation and conformity in two species of related fish. Which graph represents the species better able to cope with hypoxic water?

Glucose undergoes 10 chemical reactions during glycolysis to become pyruvate. Name the reactant, product, and enzyme of one NADH-producing reaction in glycolysis.

Which molecule(s) is(are) generated during aerobic metabolism?

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

What are the net yields of ATP, NADH, and FADH₂ molecules during the breakdown of one glucose molecule under aerobic conditions? Glycolysis: ATP, NADH, FADH₂ Pyruvate oxidation: ATP, NADH, FADH₂ Citric acid cycle: ATP, NADH, FADH₂

Glycolysis occurs in the _ and generates _ NADH molecules.