Question 1

When invertebrate anaerobes excrete their anaerobic byproducts, most likely,

Accepted Answer

A)  their body fluid will become more acidic. 
B)  their body fluid will become less acidic. 
C)  they will gain organic by-products. 
D)  their body fluid will remain neutral. 
A)  their body fluid will become more acidic. 
B)  their body fluid will become less acidic. 
C)  they will gain organic by-products. 
D)  their body fluid will remain neutral.

Question 2

The rate-limiting factor that determines whether a cell can undergo anaerobic glycolysis is the amount of

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP it produces. 
B)  pyruvate available. 
C)  protons available. 
D)  lactate dehydrogenase available. 
A)  ATP it produces. 
B)  pyruvate available. 
C)  protons available. 
D)  lactate dehydrogenase available.

Question 3

Refer to the figure shown.
  Where is the maximum oxygen consumption represented on the graphs?

Accepted Answer

A)  The horizontal dashed line 
B)  The shaded area at the beginning of the solid line curve 
C)  The shaded area at the end of the solid line curve 
D)  The solid curve line 
A)  The horizontal dashed line 
B)  The shaded area at the beginning of the solid line curve 
C)  The shaded area at the end of the solid line curve 
D)  The solid curve line

Question 4

Which chemical reaction of the Krebs cycle produces FADH2?

Accepted Answer

A)  Succinate F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 fumarate 
B)  Citrate F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 isocitrate 
C)  Fumarate F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 malate 
D)  Isocitrate F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-ketoglutarate 
A)  Succinate F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 fumarate 
B)  Citrate F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 isocitrate 
C)  Fumarate F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 malate 
D)  Isocitrate F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-ketoglutarate

Question 5

_______ exercise is the type of exercise in which a weight lifter is lifting the heaviest weight he can handle.

Accepted Answer

A)  Submaximal 
B)  Maximal 
C)  Supramaximal 
D)  Oxygen deficit 
A)  Submaximal 
B)  Maximal 
C)  Supramaximal 
D)  Oxygen deficit

Question 6

Which statement about a rabbit and a lizard evading a common predator is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The rabbit would clear lactic acid faster than the lizard. 
B)  The lizard would clear lactic acid faster than the rabbit. 
C)  Both the lizard and the rabbit would clear lactic acid at the same rate. 
D)  Both the lizard and the rabbit would be in oxygen deficiency. 
A)  The rabbit would clear lactic acid faster than the lizard. 
B)  The lizard would clear lactic acid faster than the rabbit. 
C)  Both the lizard and the rabbit would clear lactic acid at the same rate. 
D)  Both the lizard and the rabbit would be in oxygen deficiency.

Question 7

In the term "fast glycolytic" used to describe muscle fibers, "glycolytic" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the physiology of energy production. 
B)  the fatigability rate. 
C)  motion of the muscle. 
D)  the type of physical activity to be undertaken. 
A)  the physiology of energy production. 
B)  the fatigability rate. 
C)  motion of the muscle. 
D)  the type of physical activity to be undertaken.

Question 8

Fast glycolytic muscle fibers are used during

Accepted Answer

A)  walking. 
B)  running. 
C)  weight lifting. 
D)  standing. 
A)  walking. 
B)  running. 
C)  weight lifting. 
D)  standing.

Question 9

Slow oxidative muscle fibers are used during

Accepted Answer

A)  jogging. 
B)  speed skating. 
C)  weight lifting. 
D)  sprinting. 
A)  jogging. 
B)  speed skating. 
C)  weight lifting. 
D)  sprinting.

Question 10

Which animal can survive under completely anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sea turtle 
B)  Slack-water darter 
C)  Clam 
D)  Leopard frog 
A)  Sea turtle 
B)  Slack-water darter 
C)  Clam 
D)  Leopard frog

Question 11

What is the pay-as-you-go phase?

Accepted Answer

Muscle cells need to produce ATP in orde

Question 12

Refer to the figure shown.
  In how many of the graphs does lactic acid accumulate?

Accepted Answer

A)  None 
B)  One 
C)  Two 
D)  All three 
A)  None 
B)  One 
C)  Two 
D)  All three

Question 13

Briefly describe the antioxidant mechanisms cells use to counter oxidative stress.

Accepted Answer

Cells possess enzymatic and non-enzymati

Question 14

What are phosphagens, and how can they be used to power muscle activities?

Accepted Answer

Phosphagen are compounds that serve as t

Question 15

If 20 ATP molecules are produced, _______ protons passed through ATP synthase.

Accepted Answer

A)  20 
B)  36 
C)  46 
D)  86 
A)  20 
B)  36 
C)  46 
D)  86

Question 16

Pyruvate enters the Krebs cycle as

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  acetyl coenzyme A. 
C)  lactic acid. 
D)  glucose. 
A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  acetyl coenzyme A. 
C)  lactic acid. 
D)  glucose.

Question 17

Refer to the figure showing regulation and conformity in two species of related fish.
  According to the figure, as the concentration of oxygen in the water drops, the slopes of the lines change. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animals go from becoming oxygen regulators to oxygen conformers. 
B)  Animals become physiologically compromised. 
C)  Animals go from becoming oxygen conformers to oxygen regulators. 
D)  Animals increase their metabolic rate. 
A)  Animals go from becoming oxygen regulators to oxygen conformers. 
B)  Animals become physiologically compromised. 
C)  Animals go from becoming oxygen conformers to oxygen regulators. 
D)  Animals increase their metabolic rate.

Question 18

The molecule that receives electrons from protein complex I is called

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH-Q oxidoreductase. 
B)  ubiquinone. 
C)  cytochrome b-c1. 
D)  cytochrome oxidase. 
A)  NADH-Q oxidoreductase. 
B)  ubiquinone. 
C)  cytochrome b-c1. 
D)  cytochrome oxidase.

Question 19

How does exercise proficiency affect natural selection in snowshoe hares?

Accepted Answer

A)  Snowshoe hares that are better runners are better at evading predators. 
B)  Snowshoe hares that are slower runners are more efficient users of ATP. 
C)  Snowshoe hares that are better runners are better able to find food. 
D)  Exercise proficiency does not significantly affect natural selection snowshoe hares. 
A)  Snowshoe hares that are better runners are better at evading predators. 
B)  Snowshoe hares that are slower runners are more efficient users of ATP. 
C)  Snowshoe hares that are better runners are better able to find food. 
D)  Exercise proficiency does not significantly affect natural selection snowshoe hares.

Question 20

Refer to the figure shown.
  According to the figure, the shaded area denoted by the arrow is the

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen deficit. 
B)  hyperoxygenation region. 
C)  postexercise oxygen consumption. 
D)  theoretical Vo2 max. 
A)  oxygen deficit. 
B)  hyperoxygenation region. 
C)  postexercise oxygen consumption. 
D)  theoretical Vo2 max.

Exam 8: Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

When invertebrate anaerobes excrete their anaerobic byproducts, most likely,

The rate-limiting factor that determines whether a cell can undergo anaerobic glycolysis is the amount of

Refer to the figure shown. Where is the maximum oxygen consumption represented on the graphs?

Which chemical reaction of the Krebs cycle produces FADH2?

_______ exercise is the type of exercise in which a weight lifter is lifting the heaviest weight he can handle.

Which statement about a rabbit and a lizard evading a common predator is true?

In the term "fast glycolytic" used to describe muscle fibers, "glycolytic" refers to

Fast glycolytic muscle fibers are used during

Slow oxidative muscle fibers are used during

Which animal can survive under completely anaerobic conditions?

What is the pay-as-you-go phase?

Refer to the figure shown. In how many of the graphs does lactic acid accumulate?

Briefly describe the antioxidant mechanisms cells use to counter oxidative stress.

What are phosphagens, and how can they be used to power muscle activities?

If 20 ATP molecules are produced, _______ protons passed through ATP synthase.

Pyruvate enters the Krebs cycle as

Refer to the figure showing regulation and conformity in two species of related fish. According to the figure, as the concentration of oxygen in the water drops, the slopes of the lines change. What does this mean?

The molecule that receives electrons from protein complex I is called

How does exercise proficiency affect natural selection in snowshoe hares?

Refer to the figure shown. According to the figure, the shaded area denoted by the arrow is the

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

Which chemical reaction of the Krebs cycle produces FADH₂?