Exam 11: Motor Control and Plasticity

Muscles are connected to bone by

Polioviruses destroy

Identify the major extrapyramidal pathways, why they are named that, and name the structures that use them.

Researchers have found that the AMPA receptors on Bergmann glia are important for regulating fine motor coordination in mice. Which observation would support this idea?

Describe the effects of deafferentation (the severing of nerve input to the brain from the limbs) of one or both forelimbs, citing data from humans and animals.

The SMA (supplemental motor area) is important for planning movement

Refer to the figure. Which statement best describes the process illustrated in the figure?

Describe recent experimental data concerned with the relationship between firing of neurons in motor cortex and the direction of movement of the limbs. Does the motor cortex appear to encode "muscles" or "movements"?

Each basal ganglia consists of

Describe the kind of information conveyed by the receptors that provide feedback about muscles and the comparative activity of each receptor in muscle during the three different states.

Which of the following is the fundamental pathological change in Parkinson's disease?

Primary cortex is called "executive" because it appears to control _______ movements.

Bungarotoxin, found in the venom of some snakes, can be lethal because

Stretch of a muscle first activates

Matching -Ataxia _____

The vermis and the anterior lobe of the cerebellum are the upper portion of the _______.

Muscle spindles function by means of the stretching of

In an experiment using the CRE-lox system to address whether motor control by the cerebellum involves glial cells, which neurotransmitter system was examined?

Algorithms that predict the intended direction of arm movement from neural activity of the _______ cortex can allow an individual to control a robotic arm.

Write a coherent and informative paragraph incorporating each of the following terms or concepts: Parkinson's disease; l-dopa; substantia nigra.