Question 1

Discuss the role of the basal ganglia in motor control, illustrating your answer with at least one human clinical example.

Accepted Answer

The basal ganglia play a crucial role in

Question 2

In rats with spinal cord cuts, transplanting _______ into the cut leads to the regeneration of corticospinal axons and some restoration of motor function.

Accepted Answer

A)  olfactory neurons 
B)  ensheathing cells of the olfactory bulb 
C)  fetal motor neurons 
D)  undifferentiated epithelial cells 
A)  olfactory neurons 
B)  ensheathing cells of the olfactory bulb 
C)  fetal motor neurons 
D)  undifferentiated epithelial cells

Question 3

Fibers that lie within the muscle spindle are known as _______ fibers.

Accepted Answer

A)  fast 
B)  extrafusal 
C)  Golgi 
D)  intrafusal 
A)  fast 
B)  extrafusal 
C)  Golgi 
D)  intrafusal

Question 4

In open-loop control mechanisms, activity is

Accepted Answer

A)  preprogrammed. 
B)  error-free. 
C)  very slow. 
D)  subject to feedback. 
A)  preprogrammed. 
B)  error-free. 
C)  very slow. 
D)  subject to feedback.

Question 5

Apraxia is the

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of postural tone following cerebral cortical injury. 
B)  paralysis that develops from motor cortex injury. 
C)  inability to carry out certain acts, although paralysis or weakness is not evident. 
D)  abundance of spontaneous acts. 
A)  loss of postural tone following cerebral cortical injury. 
B)  paralysis that develops from motor cortex injury. 
C)  inability to carry out certain acts, although paralysis or weakness is not evident. 
D)  abundance of spontaneous acts.

Question 6

In the pyramidal system, fibers cross to the opposite side of the body at the level of the

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla. 
B)  thalamus. 
C)  spinal cord. 
D)  cerebellum. 
A)  medulla. 
B)  thalamus. 
C)  spinal cord. 
D)  cerebellum.

Question 7

Where are mirror neurons located and what is their significance?

Accepted Answer

Mirror neurons are found in an area know

Question 8

The disorder _______ is characterized by excessive movement.

Accepted Answer

Huntington

Question 9

Mental rehearsal of a complex motor task in humans is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  greater metabolic activity in the primary motor cortex. 
B)  enhanced metabolic activity in the primary motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, and supplementary motor area. 
C)  increased blood flow only in the supplementary motor area. 
D)  increased blood flow only in the visual cortex. 
A)  greater metabolic activity in the primary motor cortex. 
B)  enhanced metabolic activity in the primary motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, and supplementary motor area. 
C)  increased blood flow only in the supplementary motor area. 
D)  increased blood flow only in the visual cortex.

Question 10

Golgi tendon organs send information to the CNS when a muscle is

Accepted Answer

A)  damaged. 
B)  lengthened. 
C)  inactive. 
D)  contracted. 
A)  damaged. 
B)  lengthened. 
C)  inactive. 
D)  contracted.

Question 11

The striped appearance of muscle fibers is due to the regular arrangement of thick _______ filaments and thin _______ filaments.

Accepted Answer

A)  extrafusal; intrafusal 
B)  intrafusal; extrafusal 
C)  myosin; actin 
D)  afferent; efferent 
A)  extrafusal; intrafusal 
B)  intrafusal; extrafusal 
C)  myosin; actin 
D)  afferent; efferent

Question 12

In order to use the Cre-lox system to study the role of AMPA receptors in Bergmann glia, researchers had to first

Accepted Answer

A)  knock out lox sites. 
B)  antagonize glutamate transmission. 
C)  make mice that express the Cre gene only in glial cells. 
D)  insert lox sites into genes that encode for all glutamate receptors. 
A)  knock out lox sites. 
B)  antagonize glutamate transmission. 
C)  make mice that express the Cre gene only in glial cells. 
D)  insert lox sites into genes that encode for all glutamate receptors.

Question 13

Write a coherent and informative paragraph incorporating each of the following terms or concepts: cerebellum; sensory inputs; motor control.

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is a crucial part of the

Question 14

Discuss recent research on the control of prosthetic limbs by cortical neurons and discoveries about the relative importance of different regions of motor, premotor, and somatosensory cortex in this process.

Accepted Answer

Recent research on the control of prosth

Question 15

Matching
-_____ 7. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscle structure 
B)  Primary motor cortex 
C)  Motor neurons 
D)  Cerebellum 
E)  Acetylcholine receptors
F) Substantia nigra
G) Spinal cord
H) Striatum 
A)  Muscle structure 
B)  Primary motor cortex 
C)  Motor neurons 
D)  Cerebellum 
E)  Acetylcholine receptors
F) Substantia nigra
G) Spinal cord
H) Striatum

Question 16

l-dopa can reverse some of the symptoms of

Accepted Answer

A)  Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. 
B)  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 
C)  Parkinson's disease. 
D)  Huntington's chorea. 
A)  Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. 
B)  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 
C)  Parkinson's disease. 
D)  Huntington's chorea.

Question 17

Injuries that sever the spinal cord but do not extensively destroy spinal cord tissue result in _______ and _______ reflexes.

Accepted Answer

A)  paralysis; normal 
B)  paralysis; absence of 
C)  hemiplegia; reduced 
D)  paralysis; exaggerated 
A)  paralysis; normal 
B)  paralysis; absence of 
C)  hemiplegia; reduced 
D)  paralysis; exaggerated

Question 18

Which statement about sensory connections to the cerebellum is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensory inputs to the cerebellum are restricted to muscle receptors. 
B)  Minimal sensory connections are made to selected areas of the cerebellum. 
C)  Sensory inputs to the cerebellum are derived from virtually all sensory systems. 
D)  Visual and auditory inputs to the cerebellum are virtually nonexistent. 
A)  Sensory inputs to the cerebellum are restricted to muscle receptors. 
B)  Minimal sensory connections are made to selected areas of the cerebellum. 
C)  Sensory inputs to the cerebellum are derived from virtually all sensory systems. 
D)  Visual and auditory inputs to the cerebellum are virtually nonexistent.

Question 19

Discuss two of the syndromes produced by disease or by trauma of spinal and muscular mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

(Accept any two correct responses.) Spin

Question 20

Matching
-Myasthenia gravis _____

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscle structure 
B)  Primary motor cortex 
C)  Motor neurons 
D)  Cerebellum 
E)  Acetylcholine receptors
F) Substantia nigra
G) Spinal cord
H) Striatum 
A)  Muscle structure 
B)  Primary motor cortex 
C)  Motor neurons 
D)  Cerebellum 
E)  Acetylcholine receptors
F) Substantia nigra
G) Spinal cord
H) Striatum

Discuss the role of the basal ganglia in motor control, illustrating your answer with at least one human clinical example.

In rats with spinal cord cuts, transplanting _______ into the cut leads to the regeneration of corticospinal axons and some restoration of motor function.

Fibers that lie within the muscle spindle are known as _______ fibers.

In open-loop control mechanisms, activity is

Apraxia is the

In the pyramidal system, fibers cross to the opposite side of the body at the level of the

Where are mirror neurons located and what is their significance?

The disorder _______ is characterized by excessive movement.

Mental rehearsal of a complex motor task in humans is associated with

Golgi tendon organs send information to the CNS when a muscle is

The striped appearance of muscle fibers is due to the regular arrangement of thick _ filaments and thin _ filaments.

In order to use the Cre-lox system to study the role of AMPA receptors in Bergmann glia, researchers had to first

Write a coherent and informative paragraph incorporating each of the following terms or concepts: cerebellum; sensory inputs; motor control.

Discuss recent research on the control of prosthetic limbs by cortical neurons and discoveries about the relative importance of different regions of motor, premotor, and somatosensory cortex in this process.

Matching -_____ 7. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

l-dopa can reverse some of the symptoms of

Injuries that sever the spinal cord but do not extensively destroy spinal cord tissue result in _ and _ reflexes.

Which statement about sensory connections to the cerebellum is correct?

Discuss two of the syndromes produced by disease or by trauma of spinal and muscular mechanisms.

Matching -Myasthenia gravis _____

Behavioral Neuroscience Scope and Outlook

Functional Neuroanatomy: The Cells and Structures of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Generation, Transmission, and Integration of Neural Signals

The Chemistry of Behavior: Neurotransmitters and Neuropharmacology

Hormones and the Brain

Evolution of the Brain and Behavior

Life-Span Development of the Brain and Behavior

General Principles of Sensory Processing, Touch, and Pain

Hearing, Balance, Taste, and Smell

Vision: From Eye to Brain

Sex: Evolutionary, Hormonal, and Neural Bases

Homeostasis: Active Regulation of the Internal Environment

Biological Rhythms, Sleep, and Dreaming

Emotions, Aggression, and Stress

Psychopathology: Biological Basis of Behavioral Disorders

Learning and Memory

Attention and Higher Cognition

Language and Lateralization

Filters

Exam 11: Motor Control and Plasticity

Discuss the role of the basal ganglia in motor control, illustrating your answer with at least one human clinical example.

In rats with spinal cord cuts, transplanting _______ into the cut leads to the regeneration of corticospinal axons and some restoration of motor function.

Fibers that lie within the muscle spindle are known as _______ fibers.

In open-loop control mechanisms, activity is

Apraxia is the

In the pyramidal system, fibers cross to the opposite side of the body at the level of the

Where are mirror neurons located and what is their significance?

The disorder _______ is characterized by excessive movement.

Mental rehearsal of a complex motor task in humans is associated with

Golgi tendon organs send information to the CNS when a muscle is

The striped appearance of muscle fibers is due to the regular arrangement of thick _______ filaments and thin _______ filaments.

In order to use the Cre-lox system to study the role of AMPA receptors in Bergmann glia, researchers had to first

Write a coherent and informative paragraph incorporating each of the following terms or concepts: cerebellum; sensory inputs; motor control.

Discuss recent research on the control of prosthetic limbs by cortical neurons and discoveries about the relative importance of different regions of motor, premotor, and somatosensory cortex in this process.

Matching -_____ 7. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

l-dopa can reverse some of the symptoms of

Injuries that sever the spinal cord but do not extensively destroy spinal cord tissue result in _______ and _______ reflexes.

Which statement about sensory connections to the cerebellum is correct?

Discuss two of the syndromes produced by disease or by trauma of spinal and muscular mechanisms.

Matching -Myasthenia gravis _____

Behavioral Neuroscience Scope and Outlook

Functional Neuroanatomy: The Cells and Structures of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Generation, Transmission, and Integration of Neural Signals

The Chemistry of Behavior: Neurotransmitters and Neuropharmacology

Hormones and the Brain

Evolution of the Brain and Behavior

Life-Span Development of the Brain and Behavior

General Principles of Sensory Processing, Touch, and Pain

Hearing, Balance, Taste, and Smell

Vision: From Eye to Brain

Sex: Evolutionary, Hormonal, and Neural Bases

Homeostasis: Active Regulation of the Internal Environment

Biological Rhythms, Sleep, and Dreaming

Emotions, Aggression, and Stress

Psychopathology: Biological Basis of Behavioral Disorders

Learning and Memory

Attention and Higher Cognition

Language and Lateralization

Filters

The striped appearance of muscle fibers is due to the regular arrangement of thick _ filaments and thin _ filaments.

Injuries that sever the spinal cord but do not extensively destroy spinal cord tissue result in _ and _ reflexes.