Question 1

Which protein causes acetylcholine receptor clustering?

Accepted Answer

A)  NCAM 
B)  NGF 
C)  Wnt 
D)  Noggin 
E)  Agrin 
A)  NCAM 
B)  NGF 
C)  Wnt 
D)  Noggin 
E)  Agrin

Question 2

The fingerlike structures in the growth cone are called

Accepted Answer

A)  lamellipodia. 
B)  ruffles. 
C)  filopodia. 
D)  arcs. 
E)  stress fibers. 
A)  lamellipodia. 
B)  ruffles. 
C)  filopodia. 
D)  arcs. 
E)  stress fibers.

Question 3

Rita Levi-Montalcini and Stanley Cohen used _______ as source for purification of NGF.

Accepted Answer

A)  chick embryonic brains 
B)  mouse salivary glands 
C)  chick embryonic eyes 
D)  pig brains 
E)  rat adrenal medulla 
A)  chick embryonic brains 
B)  mouse salivary glands 
C)  chick embryonic eyes 
D)  pig brains 
E)  rat adrenal medulla

Question 4

Temporal retina axons

Accepted Answer

A)  prefer posterior tectal membranes because they are attracted to them. 
B)  prefer anterior tectal membranes because they are attracted to them. 
C)  prefer anterior tectal membranes because they are repelled by posterior membranes. 
D)  prefer posterior tectal membranes because they are repelled by anterior membranes. 
E)  do not have a preference of anterior vs posterior tectal membranes. 
A)  prefer posterior tectal membranes because they are attracted to them. 
B)  prefer anterior tectal membranes because they are attracted to them. 
C)  prefer anterior tectal membranes because they are repelled by posterior membranes. 
D)  prefer posterior tectal membranes because they are repelled by anterior membranes. 
E)  do not have a preference of anterior vs posterior tectal membranes.

Question 5

Which property affects elimination of synapse after the initial formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Temperature 
B)  Nutrition 
C)  Neuronal activity 
D)  Level of myelination 
E)  Size of the synapse 
A)  Temperature 
B)  Nutrition 
C)  Neuronal activity 
D)  Level of myelination 
E)  Size of the synapse

Question 6

Peripheral nervous system sympathetic neurons that innervate sweat glands switch their neurotransmitter from

Accepted Answer

A)  glutamine to acetylcholine. 
B)  GABA to glycine. 
C)  acetylcholine to norepinephrine. 
D)  norepinephrine to GABA. 
E)  norepinephrine to acetylcholine. 
A)  glutamine to acetylcholine. 
B)  GABA to glycine. 
C)  acetylcholine to norepinephrine. 
D)  norepinephrine to GABA. 
E)  norepinephrine to acetylcholine.

Question 7

The neuroblast is determined by elevated levels of Delta during the

Accepted Answer

A)  specification of the neural plate. 
B)  process of lateral inhibition. 
C)  formation of the neural tube. 
D)  process of cell dissociation. 
E)  mutation of neurogenic genes. 
A)  specification of the neural plate. 
B)  process of lateral inhibition. 
C)  formation of the neural tube. 
D)  process of cell dissociation. 
E)  mutation of neurogenic genes.

Question 8

Explain the function of pruning.

Accepted Answer

Pruning is removal of unneeded

Question 9

The following guidance cue mediates long-range attraction.

Accepted Answer

A)  Semaphorin 
B)  Netrin-1 
C)  Laminin 
D)  NrCAM 
E)  Ephrin 
A)  Semaphorin 
B)  Netrin-1 
C)  Laminin 
D)  NrCAM 
E)  Ephrin

Question 10

How can the human brain establish such a complex connectivity with a limited set of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Axons find their targets in a step-wise

Question 11

Some cells in the developing nervous system are called "guidepost cells". Explain their function.

Accepted Answer

Guidepost cells act as landmar

Question 12

Describe an experiment that demonstrated that NGF can be taken up by neurite terminals of sympathetic neurons and retrogradely transported to the cell body.

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic neurons were cultured in the

Question 13

Nerve growth factor (NGF) promotes the survival of sympathetic neurons. Can you describe three experiments that provide evidence for this function of NGF?

Accepted Answer

a. Injection of antibodies against NGF i

Question 14

Radial glial cells give rise to neurons during brain development. Please provide some experimental evidence for this fact.

Accepted Answer

Goetz and colleagues have provided exper

Question 15

Which cell type is derived from neural crest cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensory neuron of dorsal root ganglion 
B)  Adrenal chromaffin cell 
C)  Schwann cell of dorsal root ganglion 
D)  Sympathetic neuron 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Sensory neuron of dorsal root ganglion 
B)  Adrenal chromaffin cell 
C)  Schwann cell of dorsal root ganglion 
D)  Sympathetic neuron 
E)  All of the above

Question 16

Neurogenesis in the adult brain was shown in this animal.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chicks 
B)  Aplysias 
C)  Ferrets 
D)  Songbirds 
E)  Dolphins 
A)  Chicks 
B)  Aplysias 
C)  Ferrets 
D)  Songbirds 
E)  Dolphins

Question 17

Hox genes are

Accepted Answer

A)  growth factors. 
B)  cell surface receptors. 
C)  transcription factors. 
D)  histon proteins. 
E)  tyrosine kinases. 
A)  growth factors. 
B)  cell surface receptors. 
C)  transcription factors. 
D)  histon proteins. 
E)  tyrosine kinases.

Question 18

This molecule specifies posterior fate along the anteriorposterior axis.

Accepted Answer

A)  BMP 
B)  Wnt 
C)  Noggin 
D)  NGF 
E)  Shh 
A)  BMP 
B)  Wnt 
C)  Noggin 
D)  NGF 
E)  Shh

Exam 27: Development of the Nervous System

Which protein causes acetylcholine receptor clustering?

The fingerlike structures in the growth cone are called

Rita Levi-Montalcini and Stanley Cohen used _______ as source for purification of NGF.

Temporal retina axons

Which property affects elimination of synapse after the initial formation?

Peripheral nervous system sympathetic neurons that innervate sweat glands switch their neurotransmitter from

The neuroblast is determined by elevated levels of Delta during the

Explain the function of pruning.

The following guidance cue mediates long-range attraction.

How can the human brain establish such a complex connectivity with a limited set of proteins?

Some cells in the developing nervous system are called "guidepost cells". Explain their function.

Describe an experiment that demonstrated that NGF can be taken up by neurite terminals of sympathetic neurons and retrogradely transported to the cell body.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) promotes the survival of sympathetic neurons. Can you describe three experiments that provide evidence for this function of NGF?

Radial glial cells give rise to neurons during brain development. Please provide some experimental evidence for this fact.

Which cell type is derived from neural crest cells?

Neurogenesis in the adult brain was shown in this animal.

Hox genes are

This molecule specifies posterior fate along the anteriorposterior axis.

Principles of Signaling and Organization

Signaling in the Visual System

Functional Architecture of the Visual Cortex

Ion Channels and Signaling

Structure of Ion Channels

Ionic Basis of the Resting Potential

Ionic Basis of the Action Potential

Electrical Signaling in Neurons

Ion Transport Across Cell Membranes

Properties and Functions of Neuroglial Cells

Mechanisms of Direct Synaptic Transmission

Indirect Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission

Release of Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters in the Central Nervous System

Transmitter Synthesis, Storage, Transport, and Inactivation

Synaptic Plasticity

The Molecular and Cellular Biology of Synaptic Plasticity

Mechanisms of Extrasynaptic Communication

Autonomic Nervous System

Walking, Flying, and Swimming: Cellular Mechanisms of Sensorimotor Behavior in Invertebrates

Sensory Transduction

Transduction and Transmission in the Retina

Touch, Pain, and Texture Sensation

Auditory and Vestibular Sensation

Constructing Perception

Initiation and Control of Coordinated Muscular Movements

Critical Periods in Sensory Systems

Regeneration and Repair of Synaptic Connections After Injury

Appendix

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