Question 1

What are graduated sanctions? Provide examples given in the textbook.

Accepted Answer

Graduated sanctions refer to a system of

Question 2

Explain why efforts to impose severe sanctions on juvenile offenders are often ineffective in reducing delinquency.

Accepted Answer

Efforts to impose severe sanctions on ju

Question 3

Provide an example of state efforts to deter delinquency.

Accepted Answer

State efforts to deter delinquency often

Question 4

Early researchers overestimated the amount of crime that incapacitation prevents. Why?

Accepted Answer

Early researchers overestimated the amou

Question 5

Design a study to examine whether arrest serves as a specific deterrent for juvenile marijuana use.

Accepted Answer

To examine whether arrest serves as a sp

Question 6

Studies that compare the subsequent delinquency of juveniles who receive more severe punishments with those who receive less severe punishments are designed to test the strategy of:

Accepted Answer

A)  prevention 
B)  rehabilitation 
C)  general deterrence 
D)  specific deterrence 
E)  incapacitation 
A)  prevention 
B)  rehabilitation 
C)  general deterrence 
D)  specific deterrence 
E)  incapacitation

Question 7

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding life sentences and juveniles:

Accepted Answer

A)  Mandatory sentences of life without parole are constitutional when applied to juveniles. 
B)  Mandatory sentences of life without parole are unconstitutional when applied to juveniles. 
C)  The court banned life without parole for juvenile murderers. 
D)  none of the above 
A)  Mandatory sentences of life without parole are constitutional when applied to juveniles. 
B)  Mandatory sentences of life without parole are unconstitutional when applied to juveniles. 
C)  The court banned life without parole for juvenile murderers. 
D)  none of the above

Question 8

What reasons did the U.S. Supreme Court provide for its ruling in Graham v. Florida (2010)? What does the Court's ruling NOT address?

Accepted Answer

In the case of Graham v. Florida (2010),

Question 9

Discuss the importance of the Graham v. Florida (2010) U.S. Supreme Court case. What was the Court's ruling? Do you agree with the Court's decision?

Accepted Answer

The Graham v. Florida (2010) U.S. Suprem

Question 10

Explain the differences between adult courts and juvenile courts in regard to sentencing serious offenders, sanctions, and length of sentence. Why do these differences exist?

Accepted Answer

The differences between adult courts and

Question 11

Get-tough measures, which are designed to reduce delinquency, involve efforts by the juvenile justice system to:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase juveniles' stake in conformity 
B)  increase indirect control 
C)  increase direct control 
D)  all of the above 
A)  increase juveniles' stake in conformity 
B)  increase indirect control 
C)  increase direct control 
D)  all of the above

Question 12

A common criticism of the juvenile court is that it is not tough enough, especially in dealing with serious offenders. Research findings, however, suggest that the arrest and conviction of juveniles often fail to reduce juvenile crime. Explain why such punishment may not deter juveniles from committing delinquent acts.

Accepted Answer

There are several reasons why punishment

Question 13

The restorative justice approach to punishment involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  victims selecting punishments for offenders 
B)  offenders repairing harm caused to victims 
C)  little or no sanctioning of offenders 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  victims selecting punishments for offenders 
B)  offenders repairing harm caused to victims 
C)  little or no sanctioning of offenders 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 14

What is one reason why the juvenile court often fails to impose severe sanctions:

Accepted Answer

A)  They lack good evidence. 
B)  Juvenile courts and correctional staff are limited. 
C)  Politicians are reluctant to make substantial investments in the juvenile justice system. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  They lack good evidence. 
B)  Juvenile courts and correctional staff are limited. 
C)  Politicians are reluctant to make substantial investments in the juvenile justice system. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 15

Identify the delinquency theories that best fit with the strategy of deterrence as a means of reducing delinquency. Defend your choices.

Accepted Answer

The delinquency theories that best fit w

Question 16

Explain why restorative justice approaches may increase the effectiveness of punishment in reducing delinquency.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice approaches may incre

Question 17

In studies that examine the effect of punishment on general deterrence, certainty of punishment is often measured in terms of:

Accepted Answer

A)  arrest rates 
B)  juvenile court referral rates 
C)  adjudication rates 
D)  probation rates 
E)  confinement rates 
A)  arrest rates 
B)  juvenile court referral rates 
C)  adjudication rates 
D)  probation rates 
E)  confinement rates

Question 18

Which of the following statements is TRUE about punishments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Punishments may increase the likelihood of negative treatment by others. 
B)  Punishments may reduce many types of social control. 
C)  Punishments may increase the social learning of crime. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  Punishments may increase the likelihood of negative treatment by others. 
B)  Punishments may reduce many types of social control. 
C)  Punishments may increase the social learning of crime. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 19

Several researchers claimed that incapacitation would prevent a large amount of crime. It turns out that this claim was greatly exaggerated, in part because researchers failed to consider what is called a:

Accepted Answer

A)  substitution effect 
B)  militant effect 
C)  primacy effect 
D)  modeling effect 
A)  substitution effect 
B)  militant effect 
C)  primacy effect 
D)  modeling effect

Exam 23: The Strategies of Deterrence and Incapacitation

What are graduated sanctions? Provide examples given in the textbook.

Explain why efforts to impose severe sanctions on juvenile offenders are often ineffective in reducing delinquency.

Provide an example of state efforts to deter delinquency.

Early researchers overestimated the amount of crime that incapacitation prevents. Why?

Design a study to examine whether arrest serves as a specific deterrent for juvenile marijuana use.

Studies that compare the subsequent delinquency of juveniles who receive more severe punishments with those who receive less severe punishments are designed to test the strategy of:

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding life sentences and juveniles:

What reasons did the U.S. Supreme Court provide for its ruling in Graham v. Florida (2010)? What does the Court's ruling NOT address?

Discuss the importance of the Graham v. Florida (2010) U.S. Supreme Court case. What was the Court's ruling? Do you agree with the Court's decision?

Explain the differences between adult courts and juvenile courts in regard to sentencing serious offenders, sanctions, and length of sentence. Why do these differences exist?

Get-tough measures, which are designed to reduce delinquency, involve efforts by the juvenile justice system to:

The restorative justice approach to punishment involves:

What is one reason why the juvenile court often fails to impose severe sanctions:

Identify the delinquency theories that best fit with the strategy of deterrence as a means of reducing delinquency. Defend your choices.

Explain why restorative justice approaches may increase the effectiveness of punishment in reducing delinquency.

In studies that examine the effect of punishment on general deterrence, certainty of punishment is often measured in terms of:

Which of the following statements is TRUE about punishments?

Several researchers claimed that incapacitation would prevent a large amount of crime. It turns out that this claim was greatly exaggerated, in part because researchers failed to consider what is called a:

What Is Delinquency and How Does It Differ From Adult Crime

How Is Delinquency Measureding the Extent of Rape

How Much Delinquency Is There, and Is Delinquency Increasing

Who Is Most Likely to Engage in Delinquency

What Is a Theory and How Do We Test Theories

Strain Theory

Social Learning Theory

Control Theory

Labeling Theory

The Life Course

Is Delinquency More Likely in Certain Types of Situations

Group Differences in Delinquency

Individual Traits

The Family

The School

Delinquent Peers and Gangs

Other Social Influences

Pulling It All Together

Policies and Programs

The Police

Juvenile Court and Corrections

The Juvenile Justice System

The Strategies of Prevention and Rehabilitation

What Should We Do to Reduce Delinquency

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