Question 1

Most studies of delinquency are based on samples that are _____ representative of all juveniles.

Accepted Answer

A)  completely 
B)  not quite 
C)  not at all 
D)  equally 
A)  completely 
B)  not quite 
C)  not at all 
D)  equally

Question 2

Explain what it means to have a "representative" sample and then describe the best way to obtain a representative sample.

Accepted Answer

A representative sample is a subset of a

Question 3

Data reveal an association between media violence and aggressive behavior. Does that mean that media violence causes aggressive behavior? If not, why not?

Accepted Answer

The association between media violence a

Question 4

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding random samples?

Accepted Answer

A)  A random sample is collected so that each juvenile in the population has an equal chance of being selected. 
B)  A random sample is based on randomly selecting a sampling method. 
C)  A random sample usually involves only a very small number of juveniles. 
D)  Random sampling cannot be used when studying juveniles. 
A)  A random sample is collected so that each juvenile in the population has an equal chance of being selected. 
B)  A random sample is based on randomly selecting a sampling method. 
C)  A random sample usually involves only a very small number of juveniles. 
D)  Random sampling cannot be used when studying juveniles.

Question 5

(If you presented percentages in class.) Draw a two-variable table and fill it in with percentages that show a strong positive association between drug use and other delinquency. Draw the same table and fill it in with percentages that show no association between drug use and other delinquency.

Accepted Answer

To draw a two-variable table showing a s

Question 6

What does it mean when we say that an independent variable is associated with the dependent variable? What is an association, and are there different types of associations? Provide an example of an association.

Accepted Answer

When we say that an independent variable

Question 7

What is a reciprocal effect? Provide an example of a reciprocal effect.

Accepted Answer

A reciprocal effect refers to a situatio

Question 8

Which of the following statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The likelihood that a given association is due to chance becomes smaller as the sample size increases. 
B)  Larger samples generally produce more accurate results. 
C)  Increases in sample size beyond 2,000 or so juveniles only produce small increases in accuracy. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  The likelihood that a given association is due to chance becomes smaller as the sample size increases. 
B)  Larger samples generally produce more accurate results. 
C)  Increases in sample size beyond 2,000 or so juveniles only produce small increases in accuracy. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is a risk factor for delinquency?

Accepted Answer

A)  delinquent peers 
B)  failure in school 
C)  child abuse 
D)  all of the above 
A)  delinquent peers 
B)  failure in school 
C)  child abuse 
D)  all of the above

Question 10

Describe the four conditions that must be satisfied before we can state that one variable causes another.

Accepted Answer

The four conditions that must be satisfi

Question 11

Most of the research on the causes of delinquency is based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  experiments 
B)  observational studies 
C)  official documents 
D)  surveys 
A)  experiments 
B)  observational studies 
C)  official documents 
D)  surveys

Question 12

Describe the five steps that researchers should follow to test theories of delinquency.

Accepted Answer

1. Formulate a clear research question:

Question 13

Agnew and Brezina's discussion of the association among IQ, social class, and delinquency illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  research that controls for third variables 
B)  an association due to chance 
C)  the importance of determining the correct causal order 
D)  all of the above 
A)  research that controls for third variables 
B)  an association due to chance 
C)  the importance of determining the correct causal order 
D)  all of the above

Question 14

Give an example of a theory that includes an independent variable, a dependent variable (delinquency in this case), and a statement of why your independent variable causes delinquency.

Accepted Answer

One example of a theory that includes an

Question 15

In order to examine the relationship between drug use and crime, a researcher spends several months with juveniles who use drugs. During this time, the researcher observes what drugs the juveniles use, how often they use them, and their subsequent involvement in property and violent crimes. What methodology is the researcher using to gather data?

Accepted Answer

A)  survey 
B)  observational study 
C)  experiment 
D)  interview techniques 
A)  survey 
B)  observational study 
C)  experiment 
D)  interview techniques

Question 16

Researchers determine whether the association between an independent variable and delinquency is caused by a third variable by:

Accepted Answer

A)  "controlling" for the third variable 
B)  obtaining a representative sample 
C)  testing the association between the independent variable and dependent variable 
D)  none of the above 
A)  "controlling" for the third variable 
B)  obtaining a representative sample 
C)  testing the association between the independent variable and dependent variable 
D)  none of the above

Question 17

A conditioning variable:

Accepted Answer

A)  complements the dependent variable by adding importation information 
B)  specifies the conditions under which the dependent variables are most likely to cause delinquency 
C)  specifies the conditions under which the independent variables are most likely to cause delinquency 
D)  none of the above 
A)  complements the dependent variable by adding importation information 
B)  specifies the conditions under which the dependent variables are most likely to cause delinquency 
C)  specifies the conditions under which the independent variables are most likely to cause delinquency 
D)  none of the above

Question 18

Intensive interviews have been described as:

Accepted Answer

A)  "structured interviews" 
B)  "invasive questioning" 
C)  "guided conversations" 
D)  "strict questioning" 
A)  "structured interviews" 
B)  "invasive questioning" 
C)  "guided conversations" 
D)  "strict questioning"

Exam 5: What Is a Theory and How Do We Test Theories

Most studies of delinquency are based on samples that are _____ representative of all juveniles.

Explain what it means to have a "representative" sample and then describe the best way to obtain a representative sample.

Data reveal an association between media violence and aggressive behavior. Does that mean that media violence causes aggressive behavior? If not, why not?

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding random samples?

(If you presented percentages in class.) Draw a two-variable table and fill it in with percentages that show a strong positive association between drug use and other delinquency. Draw the same table and fill it in with percentages that show no association between drug use and other delinquency.

What does it mean when we say that an independent variable is associated with the dependent variable? What is an association, and are there different types of associations? Provide an example of an association.

What is a reciprocal effect? Provide an example of a reciprocal effect.

Which of the following statements are correct?

Which of the following is a risk factor for delinquency?

Describe the four conditions that must be satisfied before we can state that one variable causes another.

Most of the research on the causes of delinquency is based on:

Describe the five steps that researchers should follow to test theories of delinquency.

Agnew and Brezina's discussion of the association among IQ, social class, and delinquency illustrates:

Give an example of a theory that includes an independent variable, a dependent variable (delinquency in this case), and a statement of why your independent variable causes delinquency.

Researchers determine whether the association between an independent variable and delinquency is caused by a third variable by:

A conditioning variable:

Intensive interviews have been described as:

What Is Delinquency and How Does It Differ From Adult Crime

How Is Delinquency Measureding the Extent of Rape

How Much Delinquency Is There, and Is Delinquency Increasing

Who Is Most Likely to Engage in Delinquency

Strain Theory

Social Learning Theory

Control Theory

Labeling Theory

The Life Course

Is Delinquency More Likely in Certain Types of Situations

Group Differences in Delinquency

Individual Traits

The Family

The School

Delinquent Peers and Gangs

Other Social Influences

Pulling It All Together

Policies and Programs

The Police

Juvenile Court and Corrections

The Juvenile Justice System

The Strategies of Deterrence and Incapacitation

The Strategies of Prevention and Rehabilitation

What Should We Do to Reduce Delinquency

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