Question 1

When children are presented with a story about a character who broke a rule and are asked to assign blame and responsibility, children tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  approach the problem in a manner fundamentally different from that employed by adults. 
B)  determine whether the story character is responsible for any damage before deciding on a punishment. 
C)  believe, accurately, that their parents will judge the character more harshly than they do. 
D)  focus their attention solely on the extent of punishment required. 
A)  approach the problem in a manner fundamentally different from that employed by adults. 
B)  determine whether the story character is responsible for any damage before deciding on a punishment. 
C)  believe, accurately, that their parents will judge the character more harshly than they do. 
D)  focus their attention solely on the extent of punishment required.

Question 2

How does empathy differ from sympathy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Empathy involves feeling concern for another in reaction to his or her situation or emotional state, without necessarily sharing the same emotions. 
B)  Sympathy involves feeling concern for another in reaction to his or her situation or emotional state, without necessarily sharing the same emotions. 
C)  Empathy and sympathy are essentially the same thing. 
D)  Empathy is a moral emotion, whereas sympathy is not. 
A)  Empathy involves feeling concern for another in reaction to his or her situation or emotional state, without necessarily sharing the same emotions. 
B)  Sympathy involves feeling concern for another in reaction to his or her situation or emotional state, without necessarily sharing the same emotions. 
C)  Empathy and sympathy are essentially the same thing. 
D)  Empathy is a moral emotion, whereas sympathy is not.

Question 3

In Kohlberg's preconventional stage of moral reasoning, children

Accepted Answer

A)  have difficulty seeing an issue from another's perspective. 
B)  believe moral rules should apply equally to all and are the best way to resolve conflicts between people. 
C)  evaluate moral dilemmas on the basis of personal principles of fairness and justice. 
D)  believe all individuals have equal rights and equal value. 
A)  have difficulty seeing an issue from another's perspective. 
B)  believe moral rules should apply equally to all and are the best way to resolve conflicts between people. 
C)  evaluate moral dilemmas on the basis of personal principles of fairness and justice. 
D)  believe all individuals have equal rights and equal value.

Question 4

Discuss the biological and environmental factors that can influence the development of aggression in children.

Accepted Answer

Aggression in children can be influenced

Question 5

One of the concerns about video game violence is that

Accepted Answer

A)  video games have become increasingly lifelike and allow children to assume an active role in the violence they observe. 
B)  exposure to video game violence is linked with increases in aggressive thoughts and behaviours. 
C)  exposure to video game violence is linked with decreases in prosocial behaviour. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct. 
A)  video games have become increasingly lifelike and allow children to assume an active role in the violence they observe. 
B)  exposure to video game violence is linked with increases in aggressive thoughts and behaviours. 
C)  exposure to video game violence is linked with decreases in prosocial behaviour. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct.

Question 6

Logan sees his best friend crying because he has hurt his finger. Upon seeing his friend's distress, he begins sucking his thumb. Logan's behaviour is characteristic of which stage of Hoffman's six-stage model of the development of empathy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stage 1 
B)  Stage 2 
C)  Stage 3 
D)  Stage 4 
A)  Stage 1 
B)  Stage 2 
C)  Stage 3 
D)  Stage 4

Question 7

The disciplinary strategy referred to as power assertion involves

Accepted Answer

A)  the use of commands, threats, and physical force. 
B)  guilt as a means of inducing children's compliance with moral sanctions. 
C)  reasoning with the child to explain why certain behaviours are prohibited. 
D)  use of verbal disapproval, ridicule, and withholding of affection. 
A)  the use of commands, threats, and physical force. 
B)  guilt as a means of inducing children's compliance with moral sanctions. 
C)  reasoning with the child to explain why certain behaviours are prohibited. 
D)  use of verbal disapproval, ridicule, and withholding of affection.

Question 8

According to Turiel, children's understanding of issues within the moral domain is thought to result from their

Accepted Answer

A)  social interactions. 
B)  cognitive equilibrium. 
C)  adopting social norms. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct. 
A)  social interactions. 
B)  cognitive equilibrium. 
C)  adopting social norms. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct.

Question 9

A social service worker is convinced that the increases in violent behaviour he has observed among the youth in his community over the past 20 years is due to the increase in violent themes and images on television. This explanation is MOST consistent with which theoretical perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive-developmental 
B)  Environmental/learning 
C)  Ethological 
D)  Sociobiological 
A)  Cognitive-developmental 
B)  Environmental/learning 
C)  Ethological 
D)  Sociobiological

Question 10

Joseph hates to practice the piano, but his parents force him to practice for one hour each day. Joseph's father installed a punching bag adjacent to the piano, believing that Joseph could vent his aggression on the punching bag whenever piano practice seemed unbearable. Joseph's father believed in the psychoanalytic concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  projection. 
B)  catharsis. 
C)  regression. 
D)  coercion. 
A)  projection. 
B)  catharsis. 
C)  regression. 
D)  coercion.

Question 11

Research by Walker, Hennig, and Krettenauer (2000) supports Piaget's contention that children can achieve advances in moral reasoning through

Accepted Answer

A)  observing others perform prosocial acts. 
B)  observing others perform antisocial acts 
C)  discussions with peers. 
D)  discussions with adults. 
A)  observing others perform prosocial acts. 
B)  observing others perform antisocial acts 
C)  discussions with peers. 
D)  discussions with adults.

Question 12

Early studies that relied on self-report found little relation between empathy and prosocial behaviour. More recent research has linked ____________ to prosocial behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)  physiological responses 
B)  emotional arousal 
C)  facial expressions 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct. 
A)  physiological responses 
B)  emotional arousal 
C)  facial expressions 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct.

Question 13

Michael's teacher, principal, and counsellor rate him as one of the most aggressive children in his classroom. Based on available research, we would expect that

Accepted Answer

A)  Michael would choose to be socially isolated from his classmates. 
B)  Michael's best friends would be non-aggressive. 
C)  Michael would receive just as many peer nominations as best friends as the nonaggressive children. 
D)  Michael would receive most of his peer nominations as best friends from nonaggressive children. 
A)  Michael would choose to be socially isolated from his classmates. 
B)  Michael's best friends would be non-aggressive. 
C)  Michael would receive just as many peer nominations as best friends as the nonaggressive children. 
D)  Michael would receive most of his peer nominations as best friends from nonaggressive children.

Question 14

The conclusion to be drawn from Cairns and colleagues' research on the friendship patterns of aggressive adolescents is that aggressive children

Accepted Answer

A)  are almost always socially isolated. 
B)  usually lack the social skills required to maintain a group of friends. 
C)  receive encouragement and social support from a network of friends. 
D)  typically seek out companions less aggressive than themselves. 
A)  are almost always socially isolated. 
B)  usually lack the social skills required to maintain a group of friends. 
C)  receive encouragement and social support from a network of friends. 
D)  typically seek out companions less aggressive than themselves.

Question 15

Which of the following is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most individuals reach Kohlberg's 6th stage. 
B)  Kohlberg speculated that a seventh stage of moral development might also exist that enters the realm of religious faith. 
C)  Kohlberg's model of moral development is based on the environmental/learning perspective. 
D)  Piaget's theory of moral reasoning extends and elaborates on Kohlberg's ideas. 
A)  Most individuals reach Kohlberg's 6th stage. 
B)  Kohlberg speculated that a seventh stage of moral development might also exist that enters the realm of religious faith. 
C)  Kohlberg's model of moral development is based on the environmental/learning perspective. 
D)  Piaget's theory of moral reasoning extends and elaborates on Kohlberg's ideas.

Question 16

Kohlberg's model of moral development is similar to Piaget's in that both

Accepted Answer

A)  believe moral development is the result of improved cognitive skills and social experience. 
B)  contend that moral development proceeds through stages. 
C)  believe that each stage forms a structured whole, so children will generally respond consistently to different situations. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct. 
A)  believe moral development is the result of improved cognitive skills and social experience. 
B)  contend that moral development proceeds through stages. 
C)  believe that each stage forms a structured whole, so children will generally respond consistently to different situations. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct.

Question 17

Peers who witness a child being bullied

Accepted Answer

A)  usually intervene. 
B)  sometimes feel that the child brought in on himself by behaving obnoxiously. 
C)  will usually stop the bullying, even when they know they may be bullied in retaliation. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct. 
A)  usually intervene. 
B)  sometimes feel that the child brought in on himself by behaving obnoxiously. 
C)  will usually stop the bullying, even when they know they may be bullied in retaliation. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct.

Question 18

Getting one's adolescent involved in volunteer activities in the community is probably easier

Accepted Answer

A)  if his or her parents have modelled this behaviour. 
B)  if parents reinforce these activities, particularly if the parents themselves do not participate in the activities. 
C)  if the activities foster a sense of adult status in the adolescent. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct. 
A)  if his or her parents have modelled this behaviour. 
B)  if parents reinforce these activities, particularly if the parents themselves do not participate in the activities. 
C)  if the activities foster a sense of adult status in the adolescent. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct.

Question 19

Cognitive-developmental research on moral development focuses on

Accepted Answer

A)  situational influences on moral behaviour. 
B)  the impact of cognitive development on moral reasoning. 
C)  how children learn to behave morally through observation and imitation. 
D)  the impact of socialization on children's moral reasoning. 
A)  situational influences on moral behaviour. 
B)  the impact of cognitive development on moral reasoning. 
C)  how children learn to behave morally through observation and imitation. 
D)  the impact of socialization on children's moral reasoning.

Question 20

Immanent justice refers to the idea that

Accepted Answer

A)  moral evaluations should take into consideration an actor's intentions as well as the consequences of his actions. 
B)  rules are dictated by authority and are unchangeable. 
C)  all rule violations, even those undetected, will be punished. 
D)  resources should be divided equally among those who contribute to an effort or cause. 
A)  moral evaluations should take into consideration an actor's intentions as well as the consequences of his actions. 
B)  rules are dictated by authority and are unchangeable. 
C)  all rule violations, even those undetected, will be punished. 
D)  resources should be divided equally among those who contribute to an effort or cause.

When children are presented with a story about a character who broke a rule and are asked to assign blame and responsibility, children tend to

How does empathy differ from sympathy?

In Kohlberg's preconventional stage of moral reasoning, children

Discuss the biological and environmental factors that can influence the development of aggression in children.

One of the concerns about video game violence is that

Logan sees his best friend crying because he has hurt his finger. Upon seeing his friend's distress, he begins sucking his thumb. Logan's behaviour is characteristic of which stage of Hoffman's six-stage model of the development of empathy?

The disciplinary strategy referred to as power assertion involves

According to Turiel, children's understanding of issues within the moral domain is thought to result from their

A social service worker is convinced that the increases in violent behaviour he has observed among the youth in his community over the past 20 years is due to the increase in violent themes and images on television. This explanation is MOST consistent with which theoretical perspective?

Research by Walker, Hennig, and Krettenauer (2000) supports Piaget's contention that children can achieve advances in moral reasoning through

Early studies that relied on self-report found little relation between empathy and prosocial behaviour. More recent research has linked ____________ to prosocial behaviour.

Michael's teacher, principal, and counsellor rate him as one of the most aggressive children in his classroom. Based on available research, we would expect that

The conclusion to be drawn from Cairns and colleagues' research on the friendship patterns of aggressive adolescents is that aggressive children

Which of the following is accurate?

Kohlberg's model of moral development is similar to Piaget's in that both

Peers who witness a child being bullied

Getting one's adolescent involved in volunteer activities in the community is probably easier

Cognitive-developmental research on moral development focuses on

Immanent justice refers to the idea that

Background and Theories

Research Methods

Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Sensory and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Development of the Self

Families and Peers

Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

Filters

Exam 14: Moral Development

When children are presented with a story about a character who broke a rule and are asked to assign blame and responsibility, children tend to

How does empathy differ from sympathy?

In Kohlberg's preconventional stage of moral reasoning, children

Discuss the biological and environmental factors that can influence the development of aggression in children.

One of the concerns about video game violence is that

Logan sees his best friend crying because he has hurt his finger. Upon seeing his friend's distress, he begins sucking his thumb. Logan's behaviour is characteristic of which stage of Hoffman's six-stage model of the development of empathy?

The disciplinary strategy referred to as power assertion involves

According to Turiel, children's understanding of issues within the moral domain is thought to result from their

A social service worker is convinced that the increases in violent behaviour he has observed among the youth in his community over the past 20 years is due to the increase in violent themes and images on television. This explanation is MOST consistent with which theoretical perspective?

Research by Walker, Hennig, and Krettenauer (2000) supports Piaget's contention that children can achieve advances in moral reasoning through

Early studies that relied on self-report found little relation between empathy and prosocial behaviour. More recent research has linked ____________ to prosocial behaviour.

Michael's teacher, principal, and counsellor rate him as one of the most aggressive children in his classroom. Based on available research, we would expect that

The conclusion to be drawn from Cairns and colleagues' research on the friendship patterns of aggressive adolescents is that aggressive children

Which of the following is accurate?

Kohlberg's model of moral development is similar to Piaget's in that both

Peers who witness a child being bullied

Getting one's adolescent involved in volunteer activities in the community is probably easier

Cognitive-developmental research on moral development focuses on

Immanent justice refers to the idea that

Background and Theories

Research Methods

Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Sensory and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Development of the Self

Families and Peers

Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

Filters