Question 1

Turiel was interested in rule violations in the moral domain. What would be an example of this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stealing 
B)  Being impolite 
C)  Choice of hairstyle 
D)  Addressing people using the proper titles 
A)  Stealing 
B)  Being impolite 
C)  Choice of hairstyle 
D)  Addressing people using the proper titles

Question 2

Bob, a 10th grade student, participates in a research study about exclusion of a person as a friend, as a member of a club, or from a school. Which of the following is probably NOT characteristic of Bob?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bob stated that exclusion from a school on the basis of gender or race is unacceptable. 
B)  Bob stated that it is less negative to exclude a girl from Boy Scouts than it is to exclude someone from Boy Scouts because of his race. 
C)  Bob has never excluded someone as a friend. 
D)  Bob's responses to the study were less negative this year, as a 10th grader, than they would have been when he was in elementary school. 
A)  Bob stated that exclusion from a school on the basis of gender or race is unacceptable. 
B)  Bob stated that it is less negative to exclude a girl from Boy Scouts than it is to exclude someone from Boy Scouts because of his race. 
C)  Bob has never excluded someone as a friend. 
D)  Bob's responses to the study were less negative this year, as a 10th grader, than they would have been when he was in elementary school.

Question 3

In Kohlberg's theory, advances in moral reasoning reflect

Accepted Answer

A)  an increased ability to consider issues from multiple or broader perspectives. 
B)  experience with people at lower levels of moral development. 
C)  the cumulative effects of the person's reinforcement history. 
D)  adoption of a code of values. 
A)  an increased ability to consider issues from multiple or broader perspectives. 
B)  experience with people at lower levels of moral development. 
C)  the cumulative effects of the person's reinforcement history. 
D)  adoption of a code of values.

Question 4

When making sense of the relationship between moral reasoning and moral behaviour,

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget argued that since thought follows from action, children's behaviour may be more advanced than their thinking. 
B)  Piaget argued that since thought precedes action, children's behaviour may be less advanced than their thinking. 
C)  Kohlberg believed that moral thought and behaviour should be inconsistent. 
D)  Kohlberg believed that moral thought and behaviour should be consistent in certain circumstances. 
A)  Piaget argued that since thought follows from action, children's behaviour may be more advanced than their thinking. 
B)  Piaget argued that since thought precedes action, children's behaviour may be less advanced than their thinking. 
C)  Kohlberg believed that moral thought and behaviour should be inconsistent. 
D)  Kohlberg believed that moral thought and behaviour should be consistent in certain circumstances.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about violence on television is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children are most likely to imitate violence when it is performed by the "bad" guys. 
B)  Girls watch as much violent television as do boys. 
C)  Violence on television tends to make children more tolerant of aggression and less bothered by it. 
D)  Both aggressive and nonaggressive children are equally drawn to violent television shows. 
A)  Children are most likely to imitate violence when it is performed by the "bad" guys. 
B)  Girls watch as much violent television as do boys. 
C)  Violence on television tends to make children more tolerant of aggression and less bothered by it. 
D)  Both aggressive and nonaggressive children are equally drawn to violent television shows.

Question 6

Much sociocultural research on moral development focuses on

Accepted Answer

A)  children's involvement in moral situations that naturally arise during everyday life. 
B)  children's reasoning about hypothetical moral situations. 
C)  children's reasoning about the consequences of violations of social rules. 
D)  how computer-based activities that mimic real-life situations, such as videogames, can influence children's moral behaviour. 
A)  children's involvement in moral situations that naturally arise during everyday life. 
B)  children's reasoning about hypothetical moral situations. 
C)  children's reasoning about the consequences of violations of social rules. 
D)  how computer-based activities that mimic real-life situations, such as videogames, can influence children's moral behaviour.

Question 7

According to cognitive-developmental models, children's reasoning about complex moral issues such as the death penalty may be simplistic because

Accepted Answer

A)  young children in our culture are not provided opportunities to practice thinking about such issues. 
B)  young children are incapable of weighing the evidence on all sides. 
C)  the television shows children favour typically present simple solutions to complex problems. 
D)  None of the alternatives are correct. 
A)  young children in our culture are not provided opportunities to practice thinking about such issues. 
B)  young children are incapable of weighing the evidence on all sides. 
C)  the television shows children favour typically present simple solutions to complex problems. 
D)  None of the alternatives are correct.

Question 8

Dan Olweus has developed a large-scale intervention program for bullying that has four major goals. Which of the following is NOT one of these goals?

Accepted Answer

A)  To actively involve teachers and parents in the anti-bullying program. 
B)  To decrease the preoccupation about bullying among students by downplaying its importance. 
C)  To develop clear rules about bullying. 
D)  To provide support and protection for victims of bullying 
A)  To actively involve teachers and parents in the anti-bullying program. 
B)  To decrease the preoccupation about bullying among students by downplaying its importance. 
C)  To develop clear rules about bullying. 
D)  To provide support and protection for victims of bullying

Question 9

Emily, age 12, is trying to teach Lisa, her 5-year-old neighbour how to play chess. It is clear to Emily that Lisa is having trouble learning the rules of the game. According to Piaget's theory, Emily is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  complain bitterly to her parents that "Lisa just won't follow the rules!" and refuse to play any longer. 
B)  persist with her attempts to teach Lisa the proper rules of chess, despite Lisa's tears. 
C)  invent a new set of rules that Lisa can follow. 
D)  lecture Lisa on the importance of rules. 
A)  complain bitterly to her parents that "Lisa just won't follow the rules!" and refuse to play any longer. 
B)  persist with her attempts to teach Lisa the proper rules of chess, despite Lisa's tears. 
C)  invent a new set of rules that Lisa can follow. 
D)  lecture Lisa on the importance of rules.

Question 10

Which is the best summary of an aggressive child's social cognitive ability?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aggressive children misinterpret consequences but adequately judge intentions when they see someone harmed. 
B)  Aggressive children know that retaliation will have negative effects, but they cannot keep from behaving this way. 
C)  When provoked by another child, aggressive children are likely to select an aggressive response as the best way to respond. 
D)  Aggressive children are often depressed, because they realize that other children have negative feelings about them. 
A)  Aggressive children misinterpret consequences but adequately judge intentions when they see someone harmed. 
B)  Aggressive children know that retaliation will have negative effects, but they cannot keep from behaving this way. 
C)  When provoked by another child, aggressive children are likely to select an aggressive response as the best way to respond. 
D)  Aggressive children are often depressed, because they realize that other children have negative feelings about them.

Question 11

The possibility that biological factors might play a role in explaining individual differences in prosocial behaviour is supported by research that

Accepted Answer

A)  there are particular "helping circuits" in the brain. 
B)  there are excellent animal models for altruism. 
C)  has found greater similarity in self-reported altruism and empathy among pairs of identical twins than among pairs of fraternal twins. 
D)  has found greater similarity in self-reported altruism and empathy among pairs of fraternal twins than among pairs of identical twins. 
A)  there are particular "helping circuits" in the brain. 
B)  there are excellent animal models for altruism. 
C)  has found greater similarity in self-reported altruism and empathy among pairs of identical twins than among pairs of fraternal twins. 
D)  has found greater similarity in self-reported altruism and empathy among pairs of fraternal twins than among pairs of identical twins.

Question 12

Research on Turiel's model of moral reasoning suggest that there are some acts involving harm and justice that are universally regarded as wrong. Which of the following alternatives is universally agreed upon as wrong?

Accepted Answer

A)  A father beats his son with a cane for repeatedly playing hooky from school. 
B)  A family member eats beef regularly. 
C)  A friend breaks his promise. 
D)  The day after his father's death, the eldest son had a haircut and ate chicken. 
A)  A father beats his son with a cane for repeatedly playing hooky from school. 
B)  A family member eats beef regularly. 
C)  A friend breaks his promise. 
D)  The day after his father's death, the eldest son had a haircut and ate chicken.

Question 13

Why do children often fail to intervene when a peer is being bullied?

Accepted Answer

A)  The majority of children find it exciting to watch bullying and are not disturbed by it. 
B)  Children fear that if they intervene, the bully may retaliate against them. 
C)  Most bullying takes place secretly where there are no children present to intervene. 
D)  Most children do not have much respect for peers who try to intervene to stop the bullying. 
A)  The majority of children find it exciting to watch bullying and are not disturbed by it. 
B)  Children fear that if they intervene, the bully may retaliate against them. 
C)  Most bullying takes place secretly where there are no children present to intervene. 
D)  Most children do not have much respect for peers who try to intervene to stop the bullying.

Question 14

Which of the following is an accurate description of Fast Track?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an expensive program, and there is no financial benefit to society in the long run. 
B)  It identifies "at risk" children and provides one year of intensive intervention some time during the elementary school years. 
C)  Both children and parents participate in the program, and it has lowered arrest rates and reduced the number of serious conduct disorders. 
D)  A major problem of the program is that it has only been used with higher income Caucasian groups. 
A)  It is an expensive program, and there is no financial benefit to society in the long run. 
B)  It identifies "at risk" children and provides one year of intensive intervention some time during the elementary school years. 
C)  Both children and parents participate in the program, and it has lowered arrest rates and reduced the number of serious conduct disorders. 
D)  A major problem of the program is that it has only been used with higher income Caucasian groups.

Question 15

Viewing violence on television

Accepted Answer

A)  has not been causally linked to aggressive behaviour. 
B)  increases the likelihood of all forms of aggression in children. 
C)  makes children more sensitive to violence on television and in life. 
D)  releases tension and decreases overall levels of aggression in children. 
A)  has not been causally linked to aggressive behaviour. 
B)  increases the likelihood of all forms of aggression in children. 
C)  makes children more sensitive to violence on television and in life. 
D)  releases tension and decreases overall levels of aggression in children.

Question 16

Individuals who reason at Kohlberg's postconventional level evaluate moral dilemmas involving justice according to

Accepted Answer

A)  fairness, justice, and individual human rights. 
B)  what will maintain the social order, regardless of its impact on individual human rights. 
C)  what will be met with greatest amount of social approval. 
D)  one's own self-interests. 
A)  fairness, justice, and individual human rights. 
B)  what will maintain the social order, regardless of its impact on individual human rights. 
C)  what will be met with greatest amount of social approval. 
D)  one's own self-interests.

Question 17

How did the research methods employed by Kohlberg and Piaget differ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kohlberg asked children to reason about whether it is better to obey a law or break a law for the benefit of an individual, while Piaget presented children scenarios in which they were to evaluate who was naughtier. 
B)  Piaget used a longitudinal research design, while Kohlberg used a cross-sectional design. 
C)  Kohlberg asked youths and adults to reason about contemporary social problems, while Piaget asked about hypothetical dilemmas. 
D)  Kohlberg studied girls while Piaget included only boys in his samples. 
A)  Kohlberg asked children to reason about whether it is better to obey a law or break a law for the benefit of an individual, while Piaget presented children scenarios in which they were to evaluate who was naughtier. 
B)  Piaget used a longitudinal research design, while Kohlberg used a cross-sectional design. 
C)  Kohlberg asked youths and adults to reason about contemporary social problems, while Piaget asked about hypothetical dilemmas. 
D)  Kohlberg studied girls while Piaget included only boys in his samples.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true about cyber bullying ?

Accepted Answer

A)  The perpetrators of cyber bullying are often bullies in the schoolyard also 
B)  Youth who are socially isolated are more at risk for cyber bullying 
C)  Youth who have poor social relationships are more at risk for cyber bullying 
D)  All of the above alternatives are correct 
A)  The perpetrators of cyber bullying are often bullies in the schoolyard also 
B)  Youth who are socially isolated are more at risk for cyber bullying 
C)  Youth who have poor social relationships are more at risk for cyber bullying 
D)  All of the above alternatives are correct

Question 19

A researcher in the sociocultural tradition would be most interested in

Accepted Answer

A)  the unique processes a given child experiences as he or she constructs moral thought. 
B)  the influence of consequences of one's actions upon moral behaviour. 
C)  how cultural institutions such as schools, churches, and community service organizations contribute to children's moral development. 
D)  genetic influences on moral thinking. 
A)  the unique processes a given child experiences as he or she constructs moral thought. 
B)  the influence of consequences of one's actions upon moral behaviour. 
C)  how cultural institutions such as schools, churches, and community service organizations contribute to children's moral development. 
D)  genetic influences on moral thinking.

Question 20

Critics argue that Kohlberg underestimated the moral reasoning skills of females because

Accepted Answer

A)  Kohlberg's rating scheme assigns higher scores to judgments based on laws and rules than to judgments based on responsibility and care. 
B)  Kohlberg never included any females in his studies. 
C)  the females who participated in Kohlberg's studies were not university graduates while the male participants did hold university degrees. 
D)  the themes of Kohlberg's dilemmas focused on money, competition, and legal issues rather than life, love, and family. 
A)  Kohlberg's rating scheme assigns higher scores to judgments based on laws and rules than to judgments based on responsibility and care. 
B)  Kohlberg never included any females in his studies. 
C)  the females who participated in Kohlberg's studies were not university graduates while the male participants did hold university degrees. 
D)  the themes of Kohlberg's dilemmas focused on money, competition, and legal issues rather than life, love, and family.

Turiel was interested in rule violations in the moral domain. What would be an example of this?

Bob, a 10^th grade student, participates in a research study about exclusion of a person as a friend, as a member of a club, or from a school. Which of the following is probably NOT characteristic of Bob?

In Kohlberg's theory, advances in moral reasoning reflect

When making sense of the relationship between moral reasoning and moral behaviour,

Which of the following statements about violence on television is TRUE?

Much sociocultural research on moral development focuses on

According to cognitive-developmental models, children's reasoning about complex moral issues such as the death penalty may be simplistic because

Dan Olweus has developed a large-scale intervention program for bullying that has four major goals. Which of the following is NOT one of these goals?

Emily, age 12, is trying to teach Lisa, her 5-year-old neighbour how to play chess. It is clear to Emily that Lisa is having trouble learning the rules of the game. According to Piaget's theory, Emily is likely to

Which is the best summary of an aggressive child's social cognitive ability?

The possibility that biological factors might play a role in explaining individual differences in prosocial behaviour is supported by research that

Research on Turiel's model of moral reasoning suggest that there are some acts involving harm and justice that are universally regarded as wrong. Which of the following alternatives is universally agreed upon as wrong?

Why do children often fail to intervene when a peer is being bullied?

Which of the following is an accurate description of Fast Track?

Viewing violence on television

Individuals who reason at Kohlberg's postconventional level evaluate moral dilemmas involving justice according to

How did the research methods employed by Kohlberg and Piaget differ?

Which of the following statements is true about cyber bullying ?

A researcher in the sociocultural tradition would be most interested in

Critics argue that Kohlberg underestimated the moral reasoning skills of females because

Background and Theories

Research Methods

Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Sensory and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Development of the Self

Families and Peers

Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

Filters

Exam 14: Moral Development

Turiel was interested in rule violations in the moral domain. What would be an example of this?

Bob, a 10th grade student, participates in a research study about exclusion of a person as a friend, as a member of a club, or from a school. Which of the following is probably NOT characteristic of Bob?

In Kohlberg's theory, advances in moral reasoning reflect

When making sense of the relationship between moral reasoning and moral behaviour,

Which of the following statements about violence on television is TRUE?

Much sociocultural research on moral development focuses on

According to cognitive-developmental models, children's reasoning about complex moral issues such as the death penalty may be simplistic because

Dan Olweus has developed a large-scale intervention program for bullying that has four major goals. Which of the following is NOT one of these goals?

Emily, age 12, is trying to teach Lisa, her 5-year-old neighbour how to play chess. It is clear to Emily that Lisa is having trouble learning the rules of the game. According to Piaget's theory, Emily is likely to

Which is the best summary of an aggressive child's social cognitive ability?

The possibility that biological factors might play a role in explaining individual differences in prosocial behaviour is supported by research that

Research on Turiel's model of moral reasoning suggest that there are some acts involving harm and justice that are universally regarded as wrong. Which of the following alternatives is universally agreed upon as wrong?

Why do children often fail to intervene when a peer is being bullied?

Which of the following is an accurate description of Fast Track?

Viewing violence on television

Individuals who reason at Kohlberg's postconventional level evaluate moral dilemmas involving justice according to

How did the research methods employed by Kohlberg and Piaget differ?

Which of the following statements is true about cyber bullying ?

A researcher in the sociocultural tradition would be most interested in

Critics argue that Kohlberg underestimated the moral reasoning skills of females because

Background and Theories

Research Methods

Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Sensory and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Development of the Self

Families and Peers

Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

Filters

Bob, a 10^th grade student, participates in a research study about exclusion of a person as a friend, as a member of a club, or from a school. Which of the following is probably NOT characteristic of Bob?