Question 1

Bandura's term for a person's ability, as judged by that person, to succeed at various tasks is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  self-evaluation. 
B)  self-consciousness. 
C)  self-esteem. 
D)  self-efficacy. 
A)  self-evaluation. 
B)  self-consciousness. 
C)  self-esteem. 
D)  self-efficacy.

Question 2

Victor, a 20 month-old boy, is taking his first gymnastics course. All the kids line up to wait their turn to go on the trampoline. Victor, however, pushes all the other kids out of his way to jump on the trampoline first. Which concept does this situation illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Existential self 
B)  Self-consciousness 
C)  Self-regulation 
D)  Self-system 
A)  Existential self 
B)  Self-consciousness 
C)  Self-regulation 
D)  Self-system

Question 3

When asked to describe herself, Nadine states, "I'm a happy kid, I play the piano, and I'm on the school softball team." Nadine is likely in which of Piaget's stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensorimotor 
B)  Preoperational 
C)  Concrete operations 
D)  Formal operations 
A)  Sensorimotor 
B)  Preoperational 
C)  Concrete operations 
D)  Formal operations

Question 4

Self-esteem

Accepted Answer

A)  is generally at a moderate level in preschoolers. 
B)  decreases and then quickly increases when children begin kindergarten. 
C)  fluctuates during the elementary school years. 
D)  drops in early adolescence. 
A)  is generally at a moderate level in preschoolers. 
B)  decreases and then quickly increases when children begin kindergarten. 
C)  fluctuates during the elementary school years. 
D)  drops in early adolescence.

Question 5

Eve's mother is a developmentalist and likes testing out different theories on her daughter. She tries out the mark test on her and to her great surprise, Eve attempts to touch the mark on her forehead. Based on this information, Eve is most likely ________ months old.

Accepted Answer

A)  9 
B)  11 
C)  13. 
D)  15 
A)  9 
B)  11 
C)  13. 
D)  15

Question 6

Describe a "typical" five-year-old in terms of self-awareness, self-descriptions, academic self-concept, and self-regulation.

Accepted Answer

A typical five-year-old is still develop

Question 7

Contemporary theorists divide the self-system into three processes known as

Accepted Answer

A)  the id, ego, and superego. 
B)  self-knowledge, self-evaluation, and self-regulation. 
C)  the objective self, subjective self, and idealized self. 
D)  cognitive self, affective self, and physical self. 
A)  the id, ego, and superego. 
B)  self-knowledge, self-evaluation, and self-regulation. 
C)  the objective self, subjective self, and idealized self. 
D)  cognitive self, affective self, and physical self.

Question 8

Which of the following species has NOT been found to show evidence of self-recognition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chimpanzee 
B)  Orangutan 
C)  Dolphins 
D)  Rhesus monkeys 
A)  Chimpanzee 
B)  Orangutan 
C)  Dolphins 
D)  Rhesus monkeys

Question 9

Two-year-old Daniel begins banging his spoon on the table. Two-year-old Elaine joins in and bangs her spoon on the table. Daniel responds by banging his spoon again, and Elaine then bangs her spoon some more. This episode suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  both Daniel and Elaine probably have the ability to recognize themselves in the mirror. 
B)  Daniel and Elaine must have some understanding of each other's intentions and behaviour. 
C)  Daniel and Elaine must have some degree of self- and other-awareness. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct. 
A)  both Daniel and Elaine probably have the ability to recognize themselves in the mirror. 
B)  Daniel and Elaine must have some understanding of each other's intentions and behaviour. 
C)  Daniel and Elaine must have some degree of self- and other-awareness. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct.

Question 10

A developmentalist wants to study self-concept as a multidimensional concept in preschoolers. Based on this information, which measurement tool should be used?

Accepted Answer

A)  Harter's self-perception profile for children 
B)  Pictorial Scale of Perceived competence and social acceptance 
C)  Marsh's Self-Description Questionnaire 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct. 
A)  Harter's self-perception profile for children 
B)  Pictorial Scale of Perceived competence and social acceptance 
C)  Marsh's Self-Description Questionnaire 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Japanese culture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Family members share the same bed. 
B)  A belief that children are born dependent. 
C)  Encouraging children to rely on others to sense and meet their needs. 
D)  Sacrifice of personal interest for the sake of interpersonal harmony. 
A)  Family members share the same bed. 
B)  A belief that children are born dependent. 
C)  Encouraging children to rely on others to sense and meet their needs. 
D)  Sacrifice of personal interest for the sake of interpersonal harmony.

Question 12

Because the requirements of the elementary school classroom are less compatible for the needs of the average boy, young boys are more likely to experience academic failure and criticism. These difficulties may

Accepted Answer

A)  prove advantageous over time because boys would be more likely to learn that persistence can lead to success. 
B)  prove disadvantageous over time because boys would be less likely to learn persistence can lead to success. 
C)  negatively affect their academic self-concept. 
D)  negatively affect their self-esteem. 
A)  prove advantageous over time because boys would be more likely to learn that persistence can lead to success. 
B)  prove disadvantageous over time because boys would be less likely to learn persistence can lead to success. 
C)  negatively affect their academic self-concept. 
D)  negatively affect their self-esteem.

Question 13

How is academic self-concept related to children's school performance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Academic self-concept has an impact on the academic performance of less competent students, but not on the performance of good students. 
B)  Good students who have low academic self-concepts are less motivated to try new tasks and less likely to persist on challenging tasks. 
C)  Academic self-concept is unrelated to actual school performance. 
D)  Good students always have high academic self-concepts while less competent students always have low academic self-concepts. 
A)  Academic self-concept has an impact on the academic performance of less competent students, but not on the performance of good students. 
B)  Good students who have low academic self-concepts are less motivated to try new tasks and less likely to persist on challenging tasks. 
C)  Academic self-concept is unrelated to actual school performance. 
D)  Good students always have high academic self-concepts while less competent students always have low academic self-concepts.

Question 14

The mark test is used to measure

Accepted Answer

A)  self-recognition. 
B)  accuracy of aim. 
C)  drawing ability. 
D)  self-efficacy. 
A)  self-recognition. 
B)  accuracy of aim. 
C)  drawing ability. 
D)  self-efficacy.

Question 15

Infants' knowledge that they have their own separate existence is illustrated by

Accepted Answer

A)  use of their body as an anchor point when searching the environment. 
B)  shaking a toy to elicit a sound. 
C)  crying to get their mother to come. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct. 
A)  use of their body as an anchor point when searching the environment. 
B)  shaking a toy to elicit a sound. 
C)  crying to get their mother to come. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct.

Question 16

According to Selman's model, at what point in development do children FIRST become able to mask their true feelings from others by behaving differently than how they feel?

Accepted Answer

A)  Early childhood 
B)  Middle childhood 
C)  Preadolescence 
D)  Adolescence 
A)  Early childhood 
B)  Middle childhood 
C)  Preadolescence 
D)  Adolescence

Question 17

Visual self-recognition has been assessed by examining babies' reactions to

Accepted Answer

A)  photographs. 
B)  mirror images. 
C)  videos. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct. 
A)  photographs. 
B)  mirror images. 
C)  videos. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct.

Question 18

Three-month-old Raoul, when shown an image of himself and that of another baby, clearly prefers to look at the other baby. This suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  Raoul has developed a poor sense of self-esteem at a very young age. 
B)  Raoul cannot distinguish himself from others. 
C)  Raoul can discriminate between the two images. 
D)  Raoul has learned at a very early age to put the welfare of others ahead of his welfare. 
A)  Raoul has developed a poor sense of self-esteem at a very young age. 
B)  Raoul cannot distinguish himself from others. 
C)  Raoul can discriminate between the two images. 
D)  Raoul has learned at a very early age to put the welfare of others ahead of his welfare.

Question 19

Describe Dweck's motivational model of achievement (what concept it describes, what does it study, and why it is important to look at such concepts).

Accepted Answer

Dweck's motivational model of achievemen

Question 20

Children's self-descriptions begin to include category membership during

Accepted Answer

A)  toddlerhood. 
B)  the preschool years. 
C)  middle childhood. 
D)  adolescence. 
A)  toddlerhood. 
B)  the preschool years. 
C)  middle childhood. 
D)  adolescence.

Bandura's term for a person's ability, as judged by that person, to succeed at various tasks is known as

Victor, a 20 month-old boy, is taking his first gymnastics course. All the kids line up to wait their turn to go on the trampoline. Victor, however, pushes all the other kids out of his way to jump on the trampoline first. Which concept does this situation illustrate?

When asked to describe herself, Nadine states, "I'm a happy kid, I play the piano, and I'm on the school softball team." Nadine is likely in which of Piaget's stages?

Self-esteem

Eve's mother is a developmentalist and likes testing out different theories on her daughter. She tries out the mark test on her and to her great surprise, Eve attempts to touch the mark on her forehead. Based on this information, Eve is most likely ________ months old.

Describe a "typical" five-year-old in terms of self-awareness, self-descriptions, academic self-concept, and self-regulation.

Contemporary theorists divide the self-system into three processes known as

Which of the following species has NOT been found to show evidence of self-recognition?

Two-year-old Daniel begins banging his spoon on the table. Two-year-old Elaine joins in and bangs her spoon on the table. Daniel responds by banging his spoon again, and Elaine then bangs her spoon some more. This episode suggests that

A developmentalist wants to study self-concept as a multidimensional concept in preschoolers. Based on this information, which measurement tool should be used?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Japanese culture?

Because the requirements of the elementary school classroom are less compatible for the needs of the average boy, young boys are more likely to experience academic failure and criticism. These difficulties may

How is academic self-concept related to children's school performance?

The mark test is used to measure

Infants' knowledge that they have their own separate existence is illustrated by

According to Selman's model, at what point in development do children FIRST become able to mask their true feelings from others by behaving differently than how they feel?

Visual self-recognition has been assessed by examining babies' reactions to

Three-month-old Raoul, when shown an image of himself and that of another baby, clearly prefers to look at the other baby. This suggests that

Describe Dweck's motivational model of achievement (what concept it describes, what does it study, and why it is important to look at such concepts).

Children's self-descriptions begin to include category membership during

Background and Theories

Research Methods

Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Sensory and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Moral Development

Families and Peers

Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

Filters

Exam 13: Development of the Self

Bandura's term for a person's ability, as judged by that person, to succeed at various tasks is known as

Victor, a 20 month-old boy, is taking his first gymnastics course. All the kids line up to wait their turn to go on the trampoline. Victor, however, pushes all the other kids out of his way to jump on the trampoline first. Which concept does this situation illustrate?

When asked to describe herself, Nadine states, "I'm a happy kid, I play the piano, and I'm on the school softball team." Nadine is likely in which of Piaget's stages?

Self-esteem

Eve's mother is a developmentalist and likes testing out different theories on her daughter. She tries out the mark test on her and to her great surprise, Eve attempts to touch the mark on her forehead. Based on this information, Eve is most likely ________ months old.

Describe a "typical" five-year-old in terms of self-awareness, self-descriptions, academic self-concept, and self-regulation.

Contemporary theorists divide the self-system into three processes known as

Which of the following species has NOT been found to show evidence of self-recognition?

Two-year-old Daniel begins banging his spoon on the table. Two-year-old Elaine joins in and bangs her spoon on the table. Daniel responds by banging his spoon again, and Elaine then bangs her spoon some more. This episode suggests that

A developmentalist wants to study self-concept as a multidimensional concept in preschoolers. Based on this information, which measurement tool should be used?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Japanese culture?

Because the requirements of the elementary school classroom are less compatible for the needs of the average boy, young boys are more likely to experience academic failure and criticism. These difficulties may

How is academic self-concept related to children's school performance?

The mark test is used to measure

Infants' knowledge that they have their own separate existence is illustrated by

According to Selman's model, at what point in development do children FIRST become able to mask their true feelings from others by behaving differently than how they feel?

Visual self-recognition has been assessed by examining babies' reactions to

Three-month-old Raoul, when shown an image of himself and that of another baby, clearly prefers to look at the other baby. This suggests that

Describe Dweck's motivational model of achievement (what concept it describes, what does it study, and why it is important to look at such concepts).

Children's self-descriptions begin to include category membership during

Background and Theories

Research Methods

Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Sensory and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Moral Development

Families and Peers

Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

Filters